Competitive strategies: UK supermarkets

Competitive strategies: UK supermarkets Research background UK retail supermarkets employ some competitive approaches in their business, this study emphases mostly on these marketing techniques. This study describes future of business strategies used by chief retail supermarkets in the United Kingdom. Retail strategy can be explained as the general proposal which is taken in action by retailers for gaining achievements in the competition of supermarkets. (Barmen, B. Evans, J. 2006). Recently extraordinary competition originated in the environment of retail supermarkets. Huge investment in infrastructure done by major supermarkets such as Asda, Tesco, Morrison and Sainsbury increased their product quality. Advancement in technology, increase in the range of products, quality and pace resulted vast advancement in supermarket industry of the United Kingdom. (Harvey, 2000). According to the market shares owned by major supermarkets in the United Kingdom according to the statistics of 2006 March 9th, first four supermarkets in the United Kingdom own 74.4% of the overall market. Among the four Tesco is at the first position with a marketing share of 30.4% in the United Kingdom. Main competitors of Tesco in the United Kingdom market are Morrison, Sainsbury and Asda. Asda has a marketing share of 16.6% while Sainsbury Morrison hold marketing shares of 16.2 % and 11.2% correspondingly. In UK competition among retail supermarkets are tougher but Tesco is most successful among all supermarket chains in United Kingdom. (Source: BBC news, 9 March 2006). The above mentioned four supermarket giants dominate UKs retailing markets. Currently Tesco, Sinsburrys, Asda are the top retail supermarkets rules grocery retailing in the UK. The industry construction is characterized by many attributes such as greater store size, lowering prices of goods and adopting different formats to satisfy the consumers expectation. (Andrew Holingworth, 2004). Research question The first and foremost question focused on this research is: How effective is the competitive strategy employed by giant supermarket in UK? With these competitive strategy how these giant supermarket each other withstand in this current competitive market? How the competitive strategy helps in maintaining customer relationship management and the sales of the supermarket? Also,To identify the overall performance of these supermarkets. Literature review Review of literature is a body of content that aims to reconsider the vital points of existing knowledge on a specific topic. This literature review is done to recognize the existing knowledge in the section of competitive strategy employed by giant supermarkets.. According to Porter ME, 1980 competitive strategy can be defined as the â€Å"plan for how a firm will compete, formulated after evaluating how its strengths and weaknesses compare to those of its competitors. For example, a small meatpacking firm may decide to concentrate on a special niche product offered in limited areas after determining it cannot compete on price with major competitors.† Competitive strategy consists of the actions which are taken to attract customers, to withstand the competitive pressures of the market and also to help and strengthen the firms market position. The main objective of the competitive strategy is to earn a competitive benefit or advantage and to cultivate a clientele of loyal customers and knock the sock off the rivals ethically and honorably.(Philip Kotler, 2001) Tesco holds the largest market share which is of 31.6% for which the Tesco is controlling the large sector of the current retail market and also they have 50% of grocery market where as Sainsburys has about 22% of the current market share. Tesco sells a very huge variety of product range and also they do buy the products in a massive volume and sell those goods cheap, as considered to Sainsburys they only purchase goods of popular brand name and sell their own brand products in the super market. The Tesco has the super power to have their super market which is at the main location, it has the largest acquisition which enable Tesco to acquire nearly about 1/3rd of the retail market but concerned as Sainsbury they do not have the power to acquire land.(Julian finch, the Guardian) To sell every product, every where and everyone target which includes in the national and overseas, success level has been achieved by Tesco. With introduction of this strategy Sainsburys should have to work hard, and will have a hard time keeping up the Sainsburys giant retail market. The giant supermarket Tesco put effort to attract the people from all level of peoples or customers where as Sainsburys tries to attract customers with the middle , average class people by their middle class value or price. Tesco put more efforts to reduce the price and attract the customers where as Sainsbury keeps concentration in particularly in food, i.e. the quality of food they provide to the customers. After several years of decline in market, Sainsburys have emerged with independent ideas in stabilizing the current competitive environment. In the year of 2004 chief executive of Sainsburys Mr. Justin King introduced new recovery programs to attract the customers and to retain them using competitive strategy method and this had increased their market shares from 15.8%.customer relationship management is introduced as a new discipline which can create and nourish the sales and profitability(Julia Finch, The Guardian). During the period 1999 asda was owned by the US corporation company Wal-mart, it is the only one supermarket in United Kingdom which has the potential to be a thorn for the Tesco   as currently Asda in the world is eight times biggest company in the world , compared to annual sales against Tescos. Despite of the very tough trading competition environment Asda has grew up its total sales in a ‘high single digits which is excluding the petrol for a period upto September 30th. A figure which was published by the TNS shows that Asda is growing in UK market twice in speed. Even at the time when customer are price conscious supermarket Asda still continues with quality goods in cheap price agenda At a time when customers are increasingly price conscious, ASDA continues to drive its low cost agenda enabling it to fund lower prices for customers. As a result it has further strengthened its price advantage over its competitors. ASDAs profit grew ahead of target with good cost control despite rising energy costs. The delivery of ASDAs sustainability programme has contributed to lowering operating costs as well as reducing its carbon footprint. Methodology The technique for examination taken for this research proposal is qualitative research to obtain descriptive and qualitative understanding about the competitive strategy followed in giant supermarket. Errors occurred can be found in eloquent way with quantitative examination of information. Qualitative analysis/examination is defined as â€Å"the data collected in relates to the demographic or the behavioral of the respondent under the study† by Kothari (1990). This study is conducted to acquire qualitative as well as expressive understanding of causes and means which are connected to the completive approach with Tesco, Sainsburys and Tesco. Competitive strategy includes many processes like technology, innovation, process and combining people. Supermarket giants use this technique; in this method consultation has been conducted to disclose outlooks, philosophies, primary inspiration and emotional state on competitive approach engaged in major hypermarkets on client correlation. Data collection The data collected for analysis is from both primary and secondary data. Primary data is the data directly collected by the researcher himself. Primary data is original in nature and is directly from the first hand experience. Secondary data is collected from some other sources which were collected for some other purpose. Secondary data collection is cost effective and time effective. In-depth interview and direct observation would be done. They are cost effective and take less time. Face to face interview will be conducted with the staffs and employees of Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys and also a keen direct observation will be made to know the satisfaction of the customers and sales effectiveness, also the strategy method used in customer relationship management strategy and the other strategy followed is observed to know what attract the customers and retain customers. Datas are also collected from secondary sources like books, journals, newspaper archives, internet etc. The data collected for the research is through non probability convenience sampling method. Convenience sampling as word suggests is the sample selected by the investigator by his personal and convenient interest. It helps in focusing into new insights and ideas into the research problem. Convenience sampling method takes less time and is cost effective Data analysis Data analysis is the most important section of the research. Data analysis enables to understand and obtain the exact result of the research. Here data is analyzed through SWOT and PESTEL analysis. The data that is collected from direct observation, interviews ,questionnaires and other sources is evaluated and examined to understand the strength, weakness, opportunity and external threats and also evaluates macro factors like political, economical, social, technological, ecologicaland legal. Enhancement in research techniques Research impact Time scale Activities Nov 09 Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 W1 W2 W3 W 4 W 1 W 2 W 3 W 4 W 1 W2 W3 W4 W1 Topic selection x Read journals and magazines x x Analysis on the topic x x Data collection x x X Preparation of proposal x x Proposal submission x Feedback x Preparation for data collection x x x Data Analysis X x Further literature review x Submission of draft x Draft revising x Print x Submission X

Universal Robina Corporation

I, Janice A. Sandoval, 22 years old, a graduate from the University of the Philippines under the degree of BS Food Technology, am applying to become a part of the Research and Development Team of your company. I have read that you urgently need someone who has a background for food production and development.I was a consistent member of the honor roll and had graduated on time. Way back in 2004, I have been equipped of the knowledge regarding food development at our university and have undergone rigorous trainings at Edward Keller as a Quality Assurance for my on the job training or practicum. If I will be hired here, I can assure you that I will be one of the contributors in the success of your company.As references, you can consult the attached resume in this letter. I will be willing to attend any interview for the faster processing of this application.Thank you very much.Sincerely Yours,Janice A. SandovalAlison Doyle. Sample Cover Letter – Block Format. 2007. New York Comp any Times.  Ã‚   September 3,2007. http://jobsearch.about.com/od/coverlettersamples/a/coverblock.htm About Universal Robina Corporation. 2007. September 3, 2007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Information Technology Management-Case 8

Opening Case Questions â€Å"Application: Demonstrate why Zappos would need to implement SCM, CRM, and ERP for a connected corporation? † based on the case Zappos Is Passionate for Customers. Zappos would need to implement SCM, CRM, and ERP for a connected corporation because these are all important part of business. SCM is the management of information flows between and among activities in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and corporate profitability. SCM systems create the integrations or tight process and information linkages between all participants in the supply chains.Zappos would need to implement SCM because even though they have built an extranet that provides its vendors with all kinds if product information, the SCM would bring it all together and join all members of the supply chain, instead of Zappos trying to link them together one by one. CRM is a means if managing all aspects of a customer’s relationship with an organization to increase customer loyalty, retention and profitability. There are many benefits of CRM and if Zappos was to implement CRM they would be better able to treat customers as individuals by gaining important insights into their shopping preferences and shopping behaviors.Furthermore Zappos could ensure that these customers receive the highest levels of customer service and are offered the opportunity to purchase new products. Finally, ERP integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system ( or integrates set of IT systems), so that employees can make decisions by viewing enterprise wide information about all business operations. This could help Zappos maintain a level of consistency between all departments and would allow employees to make decisions based on that consistency throughout the company.

Essay on Gambling Addiction - 1782 Words

Gambling Addiction Gambling affects the person doing it and anyone who is close to them. Through personal experience getting hooked on gambling is mainly from the action and thrill of everything associated with gambling. When gambling they are part of the action and not just watching people play a game for money. If one is truly a pathological gambler, just like lying they cannot stop unless they are helped. When gambling it is very difficult to come to the realization that one is addicted. They simply do not want to believe this because all there fun must finally come to an end. If it does not they will be on track to mess up everything they have worked so hard to accomplish. When someone is addicted to something, the addiction stems†¦show more content†¦These gamblers have been responsible and moral in there early lives but are conflict avoiders and have often times suffered from some form of verbal or physical abuse. And now have a desperate need for empowerment and gain it in there escape gambling. These individuals usually poses low self-esteem, and become manipulative as the problem develops. The problem gambler has a far higher probability of long-term cure through abstinence unlike the action gambler these people usually peruse help within 6 months to 3 years of the problems inception.†(Diamond 2001 p.3) This information shows him two very important points. First this information shows you two different types of gamblers and how they become put into a certain category. Second this information shows him what the two types of gamblers lack in skills or are above and beyond most normal people. This information is given mainly to fill him in on how and why a certain type of gambler is what he or she is, and why they do this to themselves and others. â€Å"Current estimates suggest that three percent of the adult population will experience a serious problem with gambling that will result in significant debt, family disruption, job losses, criminal activity or suicide. Pathological gambling affects the gamblers, their families, their employers and the community. As the gamblers go through the phases of their addiction, they spend lessShow MoreRelatedGambling Addiction : Illegal Gambling2199 Words   |  9 PagesGambling Addiction Walking into the flashing lights, the happy people and seeing people win; are all the start of a bad beginning. Gamblers have a different mindset them some and they need help most of the time. The worse thing for a person just starting out is to see people win because they believe they are going to do the same thing and even more. That is almost never how it turns out; it usually starts with betting small, but gamblers always raise their bets over time even if they are winningRead More Gambling Addiction Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesGambling Addiction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gambling addiction is an issue found in numerous areas where gambling is legal. People who are addicted to gambling, also know as problem gamblers, face many health risks including depression, suicidal thoughts, loss of sleep, loss of appetite, migraine and anxiety in addition to marriage breakdown, problems at work and bankruptcy (9). About 2 percent of adults are thought to be problem gamblers (1). In today’s society this costly addiction is not often considered toRead MoreGambling Addiction918 Words   |  4 Pages Gambling can be a compulsion where people are so obsessed with gambling that they gamble for a high; much like people who have alcohol, drug, and nicotine addictions. A person who gambles for the sheer urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop is considered to have gambling addiction or ludomania. A person with ludomania loves the rush of a win over everything else in life. The addiction causes the person to choose the excitement over responsibility. Families, jobsRead MoreEssay on Gambling Addiction662 Words   |  3 PagesGambling Addiction 1. Introduction Gambling is created for purposes of leisure such as horse racing, poker and cards. However, when the gamblers are mentally inability to control their behaviour in engaging gambling activities, it becomes a problem. Terms like pathological gambling, problem gambling, or gambling addictions are used to describe such condition. American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) characterises it as a disorder of impulse control. FeaturesRead MoreGambling Addiction Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves. While this all sounds like fun and games, it can wind up being extremely dangerous. Gambling addictions can develop quickly and when they do, everyone suffers except for casino corporations. Whether it be physical, mental, marital, or financial, there are numerous problems that accompany gambling addictions. Most people are unaware of the health and psychological effects that gambling addictions can produce. Some outward health problems that stem from this include insomnia, high blood pressureRead MoreThe Effects Of Gambling Addiction On The Age1399 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Question How can the amounts gambled by young adults be reduced, and what is the path to overcoming instances of gambling addiction affecting this age group? Background Pathological gambling, also known as Ludomania, is an addiction and is clinically referred to as a disorder that can affect people of all ages. Young people between the ages of 18-24 spend more money to gamble than any other age group. This has become a growing problem over the years as our technology has advanced, causingRead MoreEssay on Gambling Addiction: Compulsive or Pathological Gambling1964 Words   |  8 Pagesam very interested in how a person could psychologically and physically feel the need to gamble. It interests me that a compulsion could turn into physical want and pain if the compulsion isn’t fulfilled. This could actually be classified as an addiction, which some people would also classify it as a disease. People gamble for many different reasons. Some people do it for the excitement in which it will make them feel a release of adrenaline. Another reason why some people do it is because they areRead MoreEssay about Gambling Addiction868 Words   |  4 Pag esGambling addiction has become very real, very quick, to me and my friends and family. My best friend’s mother, Beverly Roan, is currently incarcerated at Sandy Mush Correctional Facility in Merced, California after allegedly embezzling over $350,000.00 from her employer to fund her gambling addiction. Beverly is a 58 year old mother of three, and grandmother of eight; no one ever suspected this level of addiction or criminal activity based on our daily interactions with her. We were shockedRead MoreEssay on Gambling Addiction In Gen. Y1308 Words   |  6 PagesGambling Addiction In Gen. Y Gambling has become a growing issue concerning the generation y. According to a survey done by Ctcclearing.com1, 80% of teenagers claimed to have gambled in some form. With a percentage that large, is the problem simply that gambling is a right of passage or are teens more susceptible to the temptations that casinos have. The Addiction Compulsive gambling is a disease among many people. The American Psychiatric Association classifiesRead MoreEssay about Gambling Addiction2683 Words   |  11 PagesWhat is Gambling Addiction? While it may appear that addictions are solely pleasure-seeking behaviors, the roots of addiction can also be traced to a wish to suppress or avoid some kind of emotional pain. In the broadest sense, addictive or pathological gambling is gambling behavior which causes disruptions in any major area of life: psychological, physical, social or vocational. Addictive gambling is sometimes referred to as the hidden illness, because there are no visible physical symptoms

Disaster Management Disasters And Disasters - 1565 Words

Disaster Management Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner has when lived in Miami, Fla for over 30 years, and the last hurricane she experience was hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first responders are trained to alert, and FEMA is supposed to be ready to jump in once the storm has done its damage. But we can never be prepared, because hurricanes are unpredictable, and can become deadly for citizens and create millions of dollars in damages. Within this post we will confer Hurricane Katrina, preparedness and Emergency management before and after the disaster. The danger of Hurricane Katrina before and after landfall in New Orleans Leaders tend to hide information from citizens, state, and federal organization always state that it is for their own good or that they withhold information because they did not wish to create panic or avoid and lessen the impact it could have on the citizens. Thereby, even before hurricane Katrina, New Orleans governor was aware of the problem(s) with the levee. According to Irons (2005, p. 4) Governor Blanco, who recently released her actions in preparing for and responding to Hurricane Katrina, states that no one ever predicted or expected the levees toShow MoreRelatedThe Disaster Management Stages Of Disaster824 Words   |  4 PagesDisasters are categorized as natural, man-made, or a combination of the two. For this paper, I will identify a natural or man-made disaster that are currently brandishing in the world and are providing news headlines or happening within my very community. I will describe the various characteristics of the disaster chosen and apply the disaster mana gement stages. Current Natural or Man-Made Disaster The current natural disaster I will be discussing pertains to the flooding in Houston, Texas. Read MoreDisaster Management4138 Words   |  17 PagesIndia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are prone to natural disasters of various kinds on a continual basis. Coupled with high population density, poverty, illiteracy and lack of infrastructure, the natural disasters kill thousands of people and leave a devastating impact on economy and environment. The importance of telecommunication in disaster management has been widely accepted since the early days of the development of radio communication. Disasters can strike without warning at any time of the day orRead MoreDisaster Management Cycle1092 Words   |  5 PagesDisaster Preparedness and Management Assignment No. 1 [pic] Submitted to: Sir Muhammad Akmal Khan Submitted by: Tayyab Hasnain Janjua Reg # 14DD-410004 D.DRM Second Quarter Fall 2010 Disaster Management Cycle Disaster Risk Management includes sum total of all activities, programmes and measures which can be taken up before, during and after a disaster with the purpose to avoid a disaster, reduce its impact or recover from its losses. The three key stages of activities that areRead MoreThe Disaster Of Emergency Management1275 Words   |  6 Pagesresult of this disaster, 5,400 individuals were evacuated from their homes whiling causing nine deaths. The magnitude of such disaster was one that would change any town or city forever. And such sentiments were felt throughout the community of Graniteville. The suddenness of the event changed the outlook of the residents of Graniteville towards their community and future permanently. However, the purpose of this paper is to discuss what was learned from this unanticipated train disaster in GranitevilleRead MoreDisaster And Emergency Management894 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation’s ability to mitigate risk. Vulnerability can be represented in a specific physical or geographic location, or those within a certain socioeconomic status, or demographic. The discussion of social vulnerability frequents the field of Disaster and Emergency Management, as it is an important factor in the planning and execution of mitigating possible risks that varying populations may face. Emergency managers in The United States of America use the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) which uses U.S. censusRead MoreDisaster Management Organization1042 Words   |  4 PagesDisaster Management involves a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for : †¢ â€Å"Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster†. †¢ â€Å"Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences†. †¢ â€Å"Capacity building including research and knowledge management†. †¢ â€Å"Preparedness to deal with any disaster†. †¢ â€Å"Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster†. †¢ â€Å"AssessingRead MoreThe Management Of A Natural Disaster932 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch in any disaster serves as a means to more effectively progress through disastrous occurrences. Research helps to minimize confusion with occurrences that have never occurred before. Hindrances displays itself in many different arrangements during the progression of any natural disaster. Early development for research grouping proprieties before a disaster transpires, can truly help to mitigate situations that may be the cause of added hindrance during any unfortunate natural disaster. EmergencyRead MoreDisaster Management: Public Involvement in Disaster Risk Reduction812 Words   |  4 PagesDisaster management has become a hot issue in urban development and human security since threats from hazards and vulnerability are increasing, and have caused the damage from natural disasters to become more severe, and it has become crucial to lower the socio-economic loss. â€Å"Disaster,† is defined as a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and having an impact which exceeds the ability of the affectedRead MoreDisaster Management ( Or Emergency )3452 Words   |  14 PagesINTRODUCTION: A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. In contemporary academia, disaster is seen as the consequence of inappropriately managed risk. Disaster Management (or Emergency management) is the effort of communities or business to plan for and coordinate all personnelRead MoreEffectiveness of Disaster Management965 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Disaster management is intended to minimize or completely avoid potential losses of life and property from hazards and offer quick and appropriate assistance to disaster victims in a given area. United States for instance, among several other nations has not been exempted and had to heavily invest on preparedness and response measures in case of a disaster Tsunami warning systems This is an effective way used to detect the possible occurrence of a tsunami way before the major disaster takes

Gender And Gender Roles Have Work For Centuries - 983 Words

For many years now gender has been certain. To many people, gender is something that should not be changed, and if you do attempt to change your gender by a surgical procedure, it is believed to be wrong. According to the Oxford Dictionary, gender means â€Å"the state of being male or female.† Being a male is defined as â€Å"the sex that produces small, typically motile gametes, especially spermatoea, with which a female may be fertilized or inseminated to produce offspring,† and female is defined as â€Å"the sex that can bear offspring or produce eggs, distinguished biologically by the production of gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes.† These definitions are accepted by and believed to be correct by a large amount of people. Some of these people believe in such so whole-heartedly, they do not like when their idea of gender identity is questioned. Strict gender roles have work for centuries, so there is no reason why these people are wrong. Ho wever, there are many other people who do not agree with this opinion, but that does not mean that their opinion is invalid either. â€Å"People who identify today as ‘trans’ or ‘transgender’, two common umbrella terms for cross-gender expression, are heirs to a long and often difficult history in America. Generally speaking, there has not been great tolerance for those who have crossed the rigid gender divide† (Reis 2014). For many years transgender people have not been accepted really at all. In the year 1696 the state ofShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender Roles Have Work For Centuries986 Words   |  4 PagesTo many people, gender, or a persons sexual orientation, is something that should not be changed, and if one does attempt to change your gender by a surgical procedure, it is believed to be wrong. In most English dictionaries, the word gender is defined as the state of being male or female. 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During the rise of the industrial revolution and the eighteenth century came the conception of the classification of gender and sexRead MoreTeaching In A Twenty First Century Society, The Expectation1140 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching in a twenty first century society, the expectation for gender equality is important to provide the proper exposure, understanding, and educate individuals about society’s norms. These expectations that students will need to make acceptable choices for the betterment of their f uture. Therefore, it is the duty for educators to offer introductions in gender roles, gender stereotypes, and sexism. These are sensitive topics and need to be taught accurately with balanced information and with aRead MoreMarriage Is An Institution That Is Important1455 Words   |  6 Pagesas an old institution. Therefore ideas about marriage have changed throughout the years as well as ideas about sex and gender, for these concepts have been notoriously linked and effect one another’s evolution. The Eighteenth Century marked a period of changing attitudes of marriage and therefore sex and gender. For centuries before this period, the Catholic Church dominated the domain of marriage, controlling the sex lives and gender roles that existed within this institution. The accepted ideaRead MoreGender Roles in the 16th Century1909 Words   |  5 PagesGrabowski Dr. Courtney Beggs ENGL 241:002 February 23rd, 2014 Essay 1 Gender Roles in the 16th Century: Men on the Battlefield, Women in the Kitchen One of the most fundamental themes while reading Shakespeare is the prominent reminder of women at the end of the 16th century and their roles placed under men, as women were a threat to the masculinity, and thus, power held by men. There are clear misogynistic elements in all of the works performed through Shakespeare’s plays, most predominantly appearingRead MoreFantomina: the Manipulator of Situations1503 Words   |  7 Pagesin France. Haywood’s Fantomina represents an important moment in the evolution of gender constructions in the eighteenth century.This research essay is from short story Fantomina.Eliza Haywood Fantomina perceives that gender categories can easily be changed by showing that nothing is ever fixed.You have the power to manipulate any situation you are faced with. There are many instances where the reversal of gender categories is highlited. On page 1458,Haywood says ‘She was young,a stranger to theRead MoreGender And Leadership During The 21st Century Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesGender and Leadership in Healthcare Administration in the 21st Century Introduction The fast technological advancement being witnessed in almost every part of the world has led to tumultuous changes in the healthcare systems and administration as well. Consequently, a lot of concerns have been raised about the quality and availability of visionary leaders in the healthcare institutions. In other words, there is a documented need for leaders with transformational leadership skills so as to help buildRead MoreAnalyzing Kessler-Harris and Scotts Views on Gender Issues1360 Words   |  5 PagesKessler Harris and Scott on Gender Issues Abstract Drawing on Joan Scotts Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis and on Alice Kessler-Harriss Just price, Free Market and the Value of Women, the following questions will be answered, How has the equality of women and men been expressed according to both Scott and Kessler-Harris? Why gender has become a useful category of historical analysis for historians? How different (other) historians view gender? What are Kessler-HarrissRead MoreGender Inequality Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality In The Home Remains An Issue In Family Life. Gender inqualities often stem from social structures that have instiutionalized conceptions of gender differences. Gender inequality has been around for centuries. In many family homes, their lives evolve around gender roles. The responibilties in the family are allocated to their sex (gender). There are certain tasks which are usually allocated to males and females. Some see this division as biologolical differences between theRead MoreGender Roles And The Media867 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 21st century, we see women in the media have many roles that men have, such as, police officer, doctor and running to become president, while a nurse and teacher have emerged as both men and women jobs. Over time, the media show how gender role had changed but are what the media is showing the truth about the gender roles in the United States. Historian and scholar had written about this subject of gender roles and how the media affect our view. Thesis statement Reality vs. Fiction Is the

Schindler’s List free essay sample

Emergent Ethical Leadership in ‘Schindler’s List’ Legal Environment for Managers The film â€Å"Schindler’s List† presents variations of ethical leaders ranging from Amon Goeth, who embodied pure evil, to the righteous humanitarian Itzak Stern. Imbedded between these two ethical extremes is Oskar Schindler. Schindler is an evolutionary example moving from an unethical war profiteer to that of a self-sacrificing leader, ultimately awarded the honor of a tree on Righteous Avenue. From the ashes of the Holocaust horror, Schindler emerged as an ultimately ethical leader that saved 1,200 Jews. Schindler came to Poland as a member of the Nazi party, seeking exploitive ways to profit from the war. He was a womanizing philanderer that left his wife in Czechoslovakia while he went to Poland in the wake of the German invasion to find a way to profit from the war at the callous expense of others. Schindler used his flair for the dramatic, grand gestures, love of â€Å"the finer things† to create powerful contacts with the Gestapo and SS officials. At the opening of the film, Schindler positions himself for pictures with SS officials, in his attempt to develop rapport with Nazi leaders. He is not concerned with the suffrage of others, and focuses only on his personal profit and advancement. His initial approach to the unethical treatment of others extends beyond befriending the Nazi’s for personal gain when Schindler assumes residence in a forfeited Jewish home. Laying claim to an apartment, Schindler comments â€Å"It could not be better†; while the former Jewish owners are in the Krakow Ghetto commenting, â€Å"It could be worse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Schindler’s unethical treatment of others seen in the first portion of the film includes his acquisition of the DEF enamelware factory. When the company’s former accountant Itzak Stern points out Jewish investment is impossible due to Nazi law, Schindler reveals his plan to take advantage of the situation, suggesting the Jews secretly fund the company, and he pay them in enamelware (pots and pans). Schindler coldly rationalizes the arrangement as providing them â€Å"things they can really use to sell on the black market. Trade goods are the only things that mean anything in the ghetto†. Schindler also exhibits unethical behavior when he staffs his factory with imprisoned Jews. When Stern explains how Third Reich slave labor principles work, Schindler advances his profitability by choosing to employ only Jews. His focus on profitability over humanity is apparent when he tells Stern to hire only Jews stating: â€Å"Poles cost more than Jews? Why should I hire Poles? †. His focus is only on himself and his potential earnings, using people for his benefit, ignoring his negative influence/effect on the lives of others. Externally acknowledged wealth and influence is the most important thing to Schindler in the beginning of the movie, and yet, as the movie progresses, Schindlers self-focus begins to dissipate, replaced by a higher level of concern for others within more ethical boundaries. Schindler built his fortune through unethical behavior, but midpoint in the movie, inspired by Sterns commitment to humanity, Schindler begins to recognize the importance of others and change. The emergence of Schindler’s ethical perspective begins when he meets a one armed worker, and questions Stern of the workers legitimacy as an â€Å"essential worker†. Schindler begins to question the â€Å"legitimacy† of his workers, and begins to understand the impact of his actions. When the worker is later shot by the SS, Schindler defends the worker to an inquisitive SS official. For the first time Schindler faces the reality that he is making decisions that affect the life of others, and feels remorse at the loss of an innocent life. Another example of Schindler’s emergent ethics is his desperate measures to save Stern from the train bound for the concentration camps. At this point in his ethical development, Schindler saves Stern from the trains because he cannot manage the plant without him. His dismissive response to Sterns gratitude is a thin veneer for his true feelings of appreciation; but rather than admit it to Stern, he simply responds with â€Å"What if I had gotten here 5 minutes later, then where would I be? † It is evident at this point in the film that Schindler is beginning to care for people more than profit. He makes increasingly snide and off the cuff remarks easily construed as distaste for the Nazi regime, and specifically the unethical actions of Goeth. Upon their first meeting, Goeth asks Schindler about where he got his suit. Schindler responds in a direct, but dismissive manner saying he does not know, and the likelihood is the man who made the suit is probably dead. As the relationship with Goeth and Schindler intensifies, Schindler uses the friendship, and Goeth’s admiration to positively influence Goeth to use a more ethical and humane approach toward the Jews in the camp. In one scene Goeth and Schindler debate the true meaning of power and justice, a definitive moment for both. Goeth defines power as the ability to kill at will, and Schindler defines power as not killing when we can. Schindler goes on to explain that the real power is in pardoning an individual you feel has â€Å"wronged â€Å" you. The most meaningful moment in the scene is when Schindler turns to Goeth and says: â€Å"I pardon you†. Goeth temporarily chooses not to kill when he otherwise would have (i. e. a boy who damaged his saddle and a woman prisoner caught smoking â€Å"on the job†). The relief is unfortunately only temporary, and Goeth returns to his sadistic ways when kills a boy for not removing the stains from his bathtub. When Stern identifies Goeth’s cruelty, Schindler rationalizes Goeth’s behavior to Stern as a direct bi-product of the war. Openly admitting and recognizing Goeth’s ethical failures, means must take ownership of his own shortcomings and unethical behaviors. Schindler is not yet prepared to face his own demons. As the movie progresses, Stern’s ethical influence on Schindler is more pronounced and evidenced through Schindler’s actions. Even with his best attempts to deny his ethical emergence, Schindler begins to reveal his true stance through his actions. Scenes supporting his evolution include his birthday party where he kisses a Jewish worker, and when he insists on hosing down the train cars to provide relief to the people trapped inside. His action of hosing down the train initiates concern of his loyalty to the Nazi party, and he is soon after arrested for openly kissing the Jewish girl under the â€Å"race and resettlement act†, and yet Schindler continues his attempts to save individual workers. In 1944, when the decision to move all concentration camp prisoners to Auschwitz, Schindler decides to leave Poland under the guise of having more money than any man can spend in a lifetime. After meeting with Stern, Schindler reconsiders, and initiates a plan to relocate his factory to Czechoslovakia, including all of his workers. Initially Goeth laughs and perceives the idea as preposterous, until Schindler offers to purchase the life of every one of his workers. He bribes the unethical Goeth to allow him to run a â€Å"sub-camp† is his home country as an attempt to save the â€Å"Schindlerjuden†. This is the pivotal moment in the film, the moment Schindler truly emerges as an ethical leader for the workers he has come to know and care for. He chooses to spend millions â€Å"buying† his workers under the guise of making artillery shells for the war effort. He attempts to convince other business owners to do the same to no avail. The list of Schindler’s workers is recognition of their value as people, not property, a major step in the evolution of Schindler’s ethical spirit. Stern recognizes Schindler’s efforts at greatness saying: â€Å"The list is an absolute good, – it is life†. Schindler reaches a pinnacle of greatness, when he recovers the female workers from Auschwitz and brings them to the factory for safety. He leads by lecturing the SS guards about how his organization runs, ultimately denying guards access to the working floor in order to further protect and ensures the safety of all his workers. Schindler’s did not intend to convert his factory into an ammunition plant that would ever make effective shells. He was rumored to have sabotaged the machines, and to purchase shells from other manufacturers to pass as his own, in his ultimate hope that there would be fewer ammunitions made, therefore fewer killed. He reveals himself to Stern when he says, â€Å"Stern, if this factory ever produces a shell that can actually be fired, I shall be very unhappy†. In the 7 months he operated his factory, he spent millions bribing officials to maintain the life of his workers – going broke in the process. Oskar Schindler made unethical choices to amass a personal fortune. He lied, he cheated, he profited at the cost of others, and in the end, he saved lives. He was a rising ethical star that reached greatness through personal sacrifice and expense. At the end of the movie, Schindler rose to ethical greatness by allowing workers to practice their faith openly, and to raise the personal standard and belief in them by treating each individual with respect. He openly admits to the 6 years of murder that they as a group survived. He grants proper credit to those responsible for their safety, takes full credit for his membership in the Nazi party, and to the guilt of being a war profiteer. Schindler offers a great gift to the factory guards as well. He recognizes the orders to â€Å"eliminate the population of the factory†, and the offers them the chance to leave rather than â€Å"return to their families as murderers†. His respect for the workers is exemplified as he leads a three minute silence to honor the fallen Jews, and is rewarded by his employees with a gold ring inscribed with â€Å"He whoever saves one life, save the world entire†. His evolution from war profiteer to ethical leader in the face of great adversity is an amazing testament to all of the righteous gentiles that risked their lives during the Nazi regime. Schindler makes his final ethical stance when he breaks down crying at the realization he could have saved more people. â€Å"I threw away so much†¦ this car ten people right there†¦ this ring, two more, at least on more person†. Stern reassures him that 1,200 people lived, and there will be generations to come thanks to the ethical gestures and decisions he made. â€Å"Oskar Schindler surfaced from the chaos of madness, spent millions bribing and paying off the SS, and eventually risked his life to rescue 1200 Jews in the shadow of Auschwitz. He rose to the highest level of humanity, walked through the bloody mud of the Holocaust without soiling his soul, his compassion, his respect for human life -and gave his Jews a second chance at life. He miraculously managed to do it and pulled it off by using the very same talents that made him a war profiteer his flair for presentation, bribery, and grand gestures. Oskar Schindler spent millions to protect and save his Jews, everything he possessed. He died penniless. But he earned the everlasting gratitude of his Schindler-Jews and he saved our faith in humanity. Louis Bulow Oskar Schindler