The future of banana trading. :: Economics

The future of banana trading.Q1. Introduction.Latin America is situated in the southern fortune of America, on theequator, between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Lain America is inthe prime location for growing bananas because of the countriestropical climate. Bananas grow where there is sun and rain every last(predicate) yearround, so that they can fully develop. Looking at my climate graph Ican see that it does rain all year and the temperature doesnt offloadbelow 6 degrees. It has tropical heat and a rainy season between themonths of January and April.In Latin America there are seven study exporters of bananas. They areEcuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras andNicaragua.Look at Figures 1, 2 and 3 for more information.Q2. Describing TNCs.A Transnational country is a company which operates in many antitheticcountries, regardless of their situation or financial difficulties.TNCs normally have their headquarters based in a developed country,whilst running(a ) their branched factories in developing countries. TheTNCs presently employ millions of people, but the work they do effectsmillions more. Many people feel that the TNCs exploit poor countries,whilst others say that the world economy depends on them. thither arefour major TNCs involved in the banana trade, they are Chiquita, pogyFood Co, Del Monte, and Fyffes. Chiquita is based in Ohio, US it farms mainly in Honduras and Guatemala. Dole Food Co is based in California, USA and farms in Costa Rica, Honduras, Ecuador and Colombia. Del Monte is based in Florida and farms in Costa Rica and Guatemala. Fyffes is based in Dublin, Ireland and farms in Belize, Guatemala.All of these TNCs import to the United States, Canada, Europe and theAsia-Pacific region.Look at figures 4, 5 and 6 for more information.Q5. The Alternatives for the future.There are several companies who are trying to rent things better forthe future of banana trading they are COLSIBA, EUROBAN, IUF, US/LEAP,Fair Trade an d many Internet sites and trade unions. All of theseorganisations are trying to tackle one goal, and that is to help thebanana workers improve their lives. They all do this by targetingdifferent areas that are in need of improvement, COLSIBA for exampletry to improve working conditions by using trade unions, whilst FairTrade concentrates on the financial difficulties and some of theenvironmental concerns.COLSIBA is the Co-ordination of Latin American Banana Workers Unions,it represents 40 trade unions in 8 countries. COLSIBA was set up in1993 so that it can respond better to the many problems that bananaplantation workers face, all across the worlds main exportation region.

Free Capital Punishment Essays - Murderers and Rapists Deserve Another Chance! :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Capital Punishment Essays - Murderers and Rapists Deserve A nonher Chance When turning on the television, radio, or simply opening the topical anaesthetic newspaper, one is bombarded with news of arrests, murders, homicides, serial killers, and other such tragedies. It is a rare occasion to go throughout a day in this world and not hear of these things. So what should be done about this crime rate? Not only is it committing a crime, but today, it is signing your life over to the government. This is a risk one is taking when he decides to pull a trigger or plunge a knife, but is it really up to our justice musical arrangement to decide ones fate? There are many issues that address this question of capital punishment such as religion, the effect on society, restitution being denied, the possible wrongly accused, and the rights of the convicted. But how of ten-spot do these concepts creep into the publics mind when it hears of our fair, trusty government taking away someones breath ing rights? The Bible states Thou shalt not kill, and this being a sin should have to be amended within oneself. However, the Bible also states Dont judge others personal convictions. It is the governments responsibility to punish people that refuse the law to keep our world in tact but is it their right to take away their lives? It is a Christians responsibility to point out to those who sin that they do so and this country, trusting in God as it says it does, should do just that. So if the government stands strongly by this statement thats on the dollar bill, whitethorn they line up all the liars, adulterers, Buddhists, thieves, covetous and murderers at the chair. If they shall look into this one sin as so evil may they see all ten commandments so holy. The society is so confused as to what is right. More and more children are becoming murderers themselves. The reason is obvious they see that if they kill someone they go to jail, get the death penalty, and the government, who they know as the good guy kills them for punishment. Lesson learned the finger is pointing to its own actions. Learning morals is only as hard as people make it. Why complicate things? Some people think that restitution is granted when one is sentenced to the death penalty.

Special Education and Inclusion Essay -- essays papers

Special Education and InclusionMany people seem to look past how learning-disabled students would feel to be placed in a mainstream classroom which includes students without disabilities rather than go to class in a segregated/ particular(prenominal) education classroom with only another(prenominal) students who overly have learning disabilities. There are many researches constantly going on studying the effects of inclusion body in classrooms to see if learning-disabled students master better in mainstream classes. Students with learning disabilities feel better about themselves when they are included in classes with their peers who dont have learning disabilities. Some equipment casualty regarding inclusion education should be clarified so that a person who is not knowledgeable about modified education will have a better understanding. Inclusion and mainstreaming in class rooms can be switched around to mean the same thing. Essentially, these terms mean the process of put ting students with special learning needs into regular classes with non-disabled peers. Resource classes, which used in a typical educational setting for learning disabled students, are classes that are for special needs students only. Just like inclusion and mainstreaming, learning disabled and special needs can be used interchangeably.Students with disabilities have educational rights under a special law called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which mandates that students with disabilities have a free and appropriate education (Curry School of Education, n/d). The law requires that special needs students should also be placed in the least restrictive environment (LRE) suitable for their needs(Curry School of Education, n/d). The LRE for some students is often the g... ...ed/resource classrooms and express their opinions on this matter.L., turncock and John (1994). Learning Disabilities. Retrieved April 24, 2003, from http//curry.edschool.virginia.eduS tates different legal requirements such as the IDEA and LRE laws, and percentages of learning-disabled students in mainstream classrooms.Meyer, Luanna (2001, March). International Journal of Disability, Development and Education. Vol.48, Issue 1.Studied different disabilities and inclusion classes.Wolfe, P., & Hall, T. (2003, March) Teaching Exceptional Children Vol. 35, Issue 4.Suggestions to teachers/parents that provides appropriate education for all children.(2001, November 5). Educational Issues Series. Retrieved April 25, 2003, from http//www.weac.orgDefinitions and laws for inclusion in education are mentioned here along with different administration cases.

Dangerous Secrets in Tobias Wolff?s Hunters in the Snow Essay -- Tobia

Dangerous Secrets in Tobias Wolffs Hunters in the SnowIn Tobias Wolffs Hunters in the Snow, the three main characters each(prenominal) have secrets which they are concealing despite their friendships. These obscuring truths later cause trouble for each of the characters and will lead to their destruction. How will their decisions and lies impact their relationships?The first character introduced in the story is Tub. Tub is portrayed as being rather large. The reader?s first image of Tub is when Kenny says, ?He looks just like a giant beach ball with a hat on??(117). Tub?s inner conflict is his weight, which he lies about throughout the story. Tub is plainly self conscious about his weight and is in denial about his gluttony. He hides cookies and sandwiches in his clothes, scarcely in the presence of his friends, he acts as if he is on a diet and eats a boiled egg and celery. His friends mock him about his diet and can see that he is not loosing but gaining weight. Later in the sto ry, Tub finally reveals to domestic dog the truth about his gluttony. Tub admits, ?I?ve even got stuff (snacks) in the paper towel mould at work?Oreos, Mars Bars, Twinkies?(126). I believe that Tub reveals his secret to Frank because he wants help and he knows that Frank will be understanding. It is after this resultant, that Frank takes Tub to a restaurant so he could eat until he was completely full.The second character in the story is Frank. One gets the seal that Frank is very masculine. He repeatedly tells Tub and Kenny things that would make them more of a man. When Tub complains that he is cold, Frank tells him to ?Stop bitching?Get centered?(118). Later, Frank tells Kenny that he is too talkative, as if men should not talk too much. This co... ...he held inside because of the constant mockery from Kenny and Frank, combined with his denial about gluttony, made it subdued for him to shoot Kenny. Tub finally stood up for himself and protected himself. When Frank found out that Kenny was merely joking, his reaction was unsurprising and unsympathetic as if he knew an incident like that was soon to come and this was foreshadowed by Frank earlier in the story when he told Kenny ?You?re asking for it?(118). Although, the reader does not know barely how Frank?s and Tub?s lies will impact their lives, one does see how Kenny?s lies will probably cost him his life because the hunters had taken the revile turn and were not on their way to hospital.Work CitedWolff, Tobias. Hunters in the Snow. Perrines Literature Structure, Sound,_and Sense. Ed. Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson. New York Heinle and Heinle, 2005.

Free Slaughterhouse-Five Essays: Manipulation of Time and Place :: Slaughterhouse-Five Essays

Slaughterhouse Five - Manipulation of Time and Place  Kurt Vonneguts usage of time and place adds a science- fiction element to Slaughterhouse-Five. Structarally, the smart is far from traditional. Billy Pilgrim, the protagonist, jumps from place to place and is in a constant time gag while on the planet Tralfamadore. Since Vonnegut uses the planet Tralfamadore and the Tralfamadorian people to take Billy from place to place and time frame to time frame, in the novel he constantly respects the phrase "So it goes," which describes the Tralfamadorians view of death. Vonneguts manipulation of time and place is definitely unusual. Billy, an optometrist in Ilium, New York, finds himself "time promiscuous" with the people on Tralfamadore. To the Tralfamadorians time does not exist. Billy can be on Tralfamadore for years, while only being absent from earth for a microsecond (26). Billys "time tripping" also allows Vonnegut to join the three main sett ings and experiences of the book the horrors of the war and Dresden, Billys normal life in Illim, and his time on Tralfamadore. Billy has no control bothwhere his being in a time warp. In the midst of his life in New York he will suddenly find himself Tralfamadore he has nonplus "unstuck in time" ( 22). The Tralfamadorians eventually show Billy the important moments of his life, but they do not always show them in sequence. They do this so Billy can fully understand the true reasons for and the importance of the events. Vonnegut also uses this tactic of time manipulation. He tells and shows the occurrences of Billys life in a juxtaposed behavior which parallels the "time tripping." The "time tripping" and being "unstuck in time" allow Vonnegut to present the events of the war in a sequence through which they would pee the greatest impact on the reader. Vonneguts manipulation of time and place in Slaughterhouse-Five allows him to use the phr ase "So it goes" for special impact . The phrase appears after every death scene. It allows the bridge from death to life, and it also allows Vonnegut to change the time frame or place of the action. According to one source, the phrase "So it goes" appears in the novel over 100 times (Boomhower).

Comedy of Errors, Adrianna/ marriage Essay -- essays research papers

Marriage What Can you Posses?Within the very beginning of the story we count on that the characters atomic number 18 placed into a society of which there is seemingly very little value in a persons humanity and kindness, but rather the society into which we for the first time enter is seen as almost materialistic, and even though Egeon, has lost a wife and son, the Duke of Ephesus is only concerned with the money from which he arse extract from Egeon. We see here that in order for Egeon to keep his marriage alive he has to pay for his life and so we begin to see the trend of what one can posses in a marriage, instead of love and respect.We see this act of possessions come through most clearly in the relationship of Adriana and Antipholus of Ephesus. We see that Adriana is jealous of her husbands freedoms when she knows that he married her only because of her wealth, a fact we find out later on in the play, but as she states, Why should their liberty than ours be more(prenominal )? (II,10). When Luciana states to her sister, because their business is out of doors that only serves to infuriate Adriana even more and retorts that Luciana speaks without experience and that once she is married, she will have a different point of view. As they debate, Dromio of Ephesus returns and reports the ridiculous behavior of his master saying that Antipholus is mad and will talk of nothing but his gold. Furious, Adriana is thinking that yes her husband married her for her...

Light and Dark Imagery in Macbeth

Light and Dark imagery in Macbeth A tragedy play, written by William Shakespeare, is Macbeth. This play is filled with imageries of strike and darkness. In the play Macbeth, Macbeth himself goes through a transformation in character. At the beginning of the play, he is noble and hardcore, but in an effort to be crowned king, he is drowned by greed and darkness. His reign of terror, driven by insanity and ambition affects the natural order of the world and results in his death and the restoration of the natural order. The change in Macbeths character from a noble man to a dark figure is mirrored by the imagery of light and dark.During the first three scenes of the first act, Macbeth is absent and is only described by other characters. As a soldier informs Duncan of Macbeth and Banquos exploit on the battlefield, he says, If I say sooth, I must report they were as cannons overcharged with double cracks (I. ii, 40-41). This quote highlights Macbeths actions as a light character. Macb eth is depicted to be a great man and soldier in fighting for his king. After being told of Macbeths role in the fighting near Forres, Duncan utters these praises, O valiant cousin Worthy gentleman (I. ii, 26).This is said in recognition of the outstanding fighting that Macbeth is doing for his king and country. Good is synonymous with images of light, therefore the good whole kit of Macbeth are associated with light imagery. When Macbeth finally has a chance to respond to Duncans praises, he says, The service and loyalty I owe, in doing it, pays itself. (I. iv, 25-26). Macbeth explains to the king that he does non require any much payment than he already receives, as even just the satisfaction of fighting for Duncan and his state is enough. Macbeth believes himself to be a truly loyal and noble man.At this point, Macbeths character is tied only to images of triumph, but this begins to change when Macbeth realizes great opportunity. Realizing ambition and opportunity as well as remote influence from Lady Macbeth causes the light inside Macbeth to fade, thus beginning his transition into darkness. When Macbeth says this This supernatural soliciting cannot be ill cannot be good (I. iii, 140-141), he begins to give the witches prophecies more thought. The witches are described as the instruments of darkness, and by contemplating their prophecies, he dims the ight that he was surrounded by, and becomes a slightly darker character. During an aside, Macbeth says, Stars hide your fires let not light see my menacing and deep desires (I. iv, 57-58). The quote represents Macbeths acknowledgement of his own dark thoughts and desires. This is his first thought of acting on ambition through dishonest means, and marks an unembellished change in Macbeth as a light character. This only furthers his transformation into a dark figure. Finally, Macbeth is portrayed as dark and evil when he says this, Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand?Come, let me clutch thee. (II. I, 40-41). Macbeth says this during the night in which he would commit his first murder and interbreeding the point of no return. Accepting the dagger symbolizes Macbeth finalizing his decision to murder the man that had shown him nothing but kindness. Perhaps Macbeth was never as genuine as he had seemed to be and was always a dark figure. What is known for sure though is that once Macbeth starts his reign as a tyrant, he is unable to stop. After committing a series of killings, Macbeth has unarguably become a dark figure.Although it is in Macbeths own speech that he affirms himself as an evil man. When Macbeth speaks to Lady Macbeth, he states, I am in blood stepped so far, that I should wade no more. (III. Iv, 167-168). He reflects upon his wrong doings by creating a dark image. The image pictures Macbeth wading in a river of blood, having proceeded so far that it is easier to continue than to try to return back to where he started. When Macbeth is inf ormed of his wifes death by suicide, his only reply is, And all our yesterdays have lighted fools the way to dusty death.Out, out, brief candle (V. v, 24-25). The light and dark imagery is quite significant here, as this particular vocabulary is his way of saying her life was short, like that of a burning candle. Though, he exhibits a great lack of remorse for his wife, and goes on to explain that all the past has done is lead foolish people to their graves. During Macbeth and Macduffs final exchange of words before their battle, Macduff tells Macbeth, I have no words My voice is in my sword, thou bloodier villain than terms can give thee out (V. viii, 8-10). This quote is an example of how Macbeth is viewed by his enemies. He is viewed as a bloody villain. This view of him contrasts to foregoing views of him in that he is no longer a light character and he will die a true figure of darkness. Macbeth is now seen by others as, and admits his self to be, an evil man. The play Mac beth is a story of the rise and fall of a tragic hero. It is clear that the character Macbeth goes through an evident change in character.Whether it due to the outside influence of the three witches, his wife or his own ambitions, he is the one who makes his decisions. After capitalising on opportunity by murdering Duncan, he ends up having to kill several people in order to eliminate suspicions. He is unable to halt his reign of terror, which would later result in his own death. The imageries of light and dark play a significant role in representing Macbeths transformation from a strong and respected military leader to a homicidal tyrant. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Roy, Ken. Toronto

Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action Essay

affirmatory consummation is a policy in which the previously disadvantaged due to secretion receive priority. It came to existence as a mend toward dissimilarity and thence became a problem all by itself according to some theorists, who atomic number 18 opp unrivalednts to it. Supporters believe approbative challenge should be pick out to provide equal employment opportunity, but facts show that it does non. Affirmative carry through is a very controversial issue, which has been argumentd for more than thirty years. Unlike discrimination, there atomic number 18 non so some(prenominal) rectitudes against assentient litigate, but opponents ar indeed working on banning it wherever it is possible for them to do so.TABLE OF circumscribeBrief Overview of Affirmative treatOrigin of Affirmative performanceViews of Affirmative ActionPeople who benefit from Affirmative ActionEmployment and Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action and mate Employment opportunityLegal Issues of Affirmative ActionHow to Stop Affirmative Action from Being TakenPros and Cons of Affirmative ActionBrief Overview of Affirmative Action Affirmative Action is usually defined as an active effort to improve employment or breedingal opportunities for members of minority groups and women or one to promote the rightlys or progress of other disadvantaged concourse. (Websters Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002) In practice, plausive go through is interpreted by giving women and mess from a minority group priority. For instance, a lodge has an opening for a accommodatekeeper. On determining who should be hired, the phoner gives women and people from a minority group priority. This could too happen with promotion whole women and people from a minority group are likely to be promoted, and with education women and people from a minority group know split chances of obtaining grants and scholarships that would enable them to succeed college . Another air of illustrating how affirmative action is fritter awayn would be with a classroom in which some students receive a salient deal of un uncontaminating punishments. One day it is brought to the teachers attention that she will be dismissed unless unfair practices are stopped. In an begin to correct the past unacceptable behavior, the teacher starts treating those students with some kind of preference. In the beginning this will be certainly appropriate, as those students will pick up to feel that they are not ill-treated anymore.Origin of Affirmative Action Affirmative action is believed to maintain count about as a remedy to the frightfuldiscrimination that regrettably used to take redact. As a reckon of fact, according to T.H. Anderson, (2004) in 1940 discrimination was tradition and in some states it waseven law. Sad though it top executive now sound to us, the most educated andrefined African-American did not have the rights the most illiterateand indecent etiolated several(prenominal) did (p. 2). Therefore, when discriminationbecame illegal in the United States, affirmative action started totake place. By the mid-1970s minorities and women were harming significant victories, which could be seen on construction sites,exemplified by the Metro in Washington D.C. Mayor Walter E.Washington took a dramatic step, mandating a strong affirmative action plan in which all private companies doing business or having contracts with city hall would have to submit plans with goals toadvanced minorities and women. (J.H. Anderson, 2004, p. 142) A valid affirmative action plan is one means of trying to undo theeffects of past illegal discrimination. Under such a plan, anemployer makes employment decisions based on race or sex factor thatordinarily cant be considered, in order to restore equal opportunityemployment for groups that have faced discrimination.When a court finds that a business has discriminated and there are noother effective means to remedy the discrimination, the court may contain the business to take affirmative action. For example, a courtmay order a company to hire one African-American employee for every cardinal white ones hired until the companys workforce resembles theracial mix of the community. (F.S. Steinhold, 2007, p. 156) A business may in like manner have to set up an affirmative action plan as partof voluntary settling a court case or the proceeding of E.E.O.C. (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Any voluntaryprogram must meet the E.E.O.C.s Guidelines on Affirmative Action Plans. (F.S. Steinhold, 2007, p. 156)Views of Affirmative Action Because it appears that originally valid plans of affirmative action became in a way vitiate or abused, there have been some opponents to it. Affirmative action is a subject that has been debated and analyzed by philosophers, legal scholars, social scientists, politicians, journalists, editorial writers, and commonalty citizens for trinity decades. Basic ally, the debate has two sides the Right and the Left. The Right, which is totally against it, states that Affirmative action only causes people to obtain what they desire not because they deserve it, but because they rifle to a group that was discriminated in the past. According to this site, affirmative action is unmeritocratic, leads to dispel-discrimination, and is an un-American guarantee of equal results instead of equal opportunity. The Left, which supports it, states that affirmative action is a fee for past injustices and a guarantee of a fair share of the economic pie. (J.D. Skrentny, 1996, p. 1 & 2) To reconcile the two views, it could perhaps be said that an affirmative action plan might be proper in the beginning of a non-discriminatory period of quantify women and people from minority groups should feel that they are not discriminated anymore. On the other hand, there is no reason for this period of time to last forever. For instance, in the United States discrimin ation became illegal a very long time ago, so previously discriminated people should not be given any kind of priority because of what it used to happen in the distant past. When it became vital to take the affirmative action in the turbulent period of 1964 to 1971, a careful consideration of the cultural and historical circumstances became absolutely necessary in its debate and an account statement for why it happened was needed as well. (Clayton & Crosby, 1992, p. 2) Nowadays, more than thirty years after that period, affirmative action would simply be against logic and no definition could possibly be given as a result. Affirmative Action is believed to be one of the most controversial policies in the United States. The issues are complex, they disturb strong feelings, and in the media everyone seems to have an opinion on the topic (Clayton & Crosby, 1992, p. 1). This implies that a great deal of understanding is needed. The complexity of affirmative action as a topic is illust rated by the controversy of whether the version of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 required or prohibited quotas George Bushs belief versus his proponents -, the appointment of Clarence Thomas an affirmative action beneficiary who surprisingly paird it -, and the apparent shift in the Supreme Court. (S.D. Clayton & F.J. VanDeVeer, 2000, p. 4) Opponents of affirmative action are believed to come from a variety of living quarters Supreme Court Justice Thomas an African-American who opposes it Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, and Glenn Lowry African-American critics who gained national attention speaking about the policy -, and Stephen Carter William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale University. Their reactions to affirmative action seem very intriguing. (S.D. Clayton & F.J. VanDeVeer, 2000, p. 4) Why people who benefit from affirmative action oppose to it deserves the amazement of whoever learns of the fact. It could perhaps be interpreted that they inadequacy to be equal ne ither better nor worse. The fact that they are now granted more rights because they were once deprived of the ones they should have in the first place is likely to make them feel inferior. In other words, their equality should be put in force and they should only obtain what they rightly deserve irrespective of their background. Affirmative action became a major issue in state courts in California and in Pennsylvania, where it was indeed claimed that its almost inevitable effect was plagiarise discrimination.People who benefit from Affirmative Action In general, belonging to a minority group is due to an inborn or inherited matter, like women, African Americans, and people from different origins. On the other hand, there are some groups of people who willfully joined a minority group. For instance, many people well-read one religion at home and subsequent converted to a different one. Homosexuality and bi-sexuality is debatable some theorists believe uncommon sexual orientations are in the genes, whereas some other ones believe they are a matter of option. Regardless of which theorists are right, homosexual and bi-sexual people were victims of discrimination in the past and later became beneficiaries of affirmative action. As we all know, African Americans were virtually the worst victims of discrimination. Without any right whatsoever, people were taken from Africa and brought to America to be sold as slaves. The awful slavery was abolished a few hundred years later, but African Americans were still unable to obtain what the average person usually could. In the nitty-gritty of the twentieth century, discrimination against African Americans became illegal and the law started to call for a total equality, and affirmative action was taken as a remedy.Employment and Affirmative Action Before focusing on the fact of whether or not affirmative action should be adopted to provide equal employment opportunity, we need to understand thoroughly the basic concepts o r employment. P. K. Edwards (2003) states in his book industrial Relations Theory and Practice that the employment relations has two parts grocery relations and managerial relations. The former is more obvious because it covers price of lug, which embraces not only the basic wage but also hours of work, holidays and pension rights. In this respect, labor is like any other commodity, with a price which re set ups the total cost of enjoying its use. Yet labor differs from all other commodities in that it is enjoyed in use and is embodied in people. A machine in a factory is also enjoyed in use and for what it can produce. Yet how it is used is solo up to the possessor. The owner of labor, the employer has to persuade the worker, that is, the person in whom the labor in embodied, to work. (p. 9) Most companies have employees nowadays, given that it simply becomes impossible for the owner to do everything all by him- or herself. On hiring a new employee, companies have their own cr iteria. We see quite often that the aforesaid(prenominal) employee who does not qualify for one company does for another one. Employees are chosen based on the companies budget and needs. In general, a large, profitable business is likely to choose a better skilled worker than a small business that operates at low budget. Small businesses, which are usually constrained by the pres certain(a) of not exceeding their low budget, might also be selective in their own way. A very unskilled person, however economical he or she might be, is likely to be of no significant assistance to the company. As a result, the company might end up loosing money because of him or her. When a person is to be hired by a company, it is imperative that it be done under the equal employment opportunity nates. The best candidate should be the one taking over the position. nonstarter to do so would be an unfair practice that might eventually lead to some significant problems. F.J. Crosby and C. VanDeVeer (20 00) wrote in their book Sex, Race and MeritOften, when a problem has been identified, hiring or promotion goals are instituted. In classical affirmative action programs (where the employer monitors to make sure that qualified people are hired and promoted) the goals are derived from close study of the organization and are based on realistic appraisals of the labor market. (p. 4)From the above, we see that classical affirmative action is a way in which equal opportunity employment is achieved, and supporters of affirmative action indeed focus on the remedy of unfair acts of discrimination performed in the past. Everybody believes that the employer is to monitor to make sure that qualified people are hired and promoted. In fact, the goal of affirmative action when it came to existence was equal employment opportunity. Nonetheless, its practice later on became corrupted and its present goal is to give priority to people who belong to a minority group that was discriminated in the past. Many opponents of affirmative action would indeed oppose to discrimination and would agree to a policy in which only qualified people are hired and competent employees are promoted. J.M. Bernbach (1998), who so much disapproves of discrimination wroteIn 1996, affirmative action (the practice, fostered by federal government, of providing preferential treatment and / or opportunities to specified groups of persons in hiring or promotion, etc., as a means of correcting the present effects of past discrimination) received a good deal of negative attention. (p.3)On certain occasions, affirmative action seems necessary orappropriate to remedy past injustices, but there is no reason tobelieve that everybody, including people who were always againstdiscrimination, must embody suit.Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity As the name implies, equal employment opportunity is the right of every single person to be employed regardless of his or her background, i.e. race, color, na tional origin, religion, gender, age, disability, or reprisal. In the United States there is an organization called Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that focuses on how this right is actually granted to every individual.Burstein in his book Discrimination, Jobs, and Politics (1998) statesIn order to form a satisfactory picture of what public postulateed on EEO, members of the congress would, ideally, want to know about three aspects of constituents attitudes first, whether their constituents favored EEO, second, whether they wanted the government to do anything about it and third, whether they felt strongly about the issue. (p. 42) We see that the government is very much concerned about fair hiring and promotion practices. It is indeed a fact that everybody wants equal employment opportunities nobody favors priority on the basis of discrimination or affirmative action. People want the government to ascertain the equal employment opportunities are in effect and they do feel strongly about the issue. The answer of most people is that the right person should take over the position he or she rightly deserves Antidiscrimination programs are believed to be inefficient and costly. The reason might be the stagnant frugality that has apparently not permitted to continue with them. Government pressures to employ or promote women and minorities may force firms to misallocate labor and thus suffer production losses. Keeping with the real concern over productive efficiency can rather be an antidiscrimination effort. (P. Burestein, Equal Employment Opportunity, 1994, p. 85) Better production in a company as a whole could rather achieve equality. For instance, a company has been in business for many years and, on analyzing their activities, they come to see that their production was better when they had people with more skills in the engineering department. As a result they decide to hire a high-skilled engineer. When doing so, they carefully evaluate every candid ate regardless of their background until they end up hiring the most suitable one. One year later, the company analyzes their activities and see some remarkable improvements. One might want to take aim how it is possible for someone who is not so skillful to become skillful in the future. The answer would be quite simple more education or training, and, as we all know, education is very easy nowadays. There are many ways online that would enable one to obtain it, and there are many regular schools that could help. Some people take their not world hired as a lesson to get more education or training. Inevitably, when the person being hired is from a majority group, some people accuse the company of being discriminatory, and, when someone from a minority group is hired, the company might also be accused of having taken affirmative action. When something alike happens, the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) needs to be contacted, and they need to investigate the situation. The beginning of antidiscrimination and or against affirmative action is perhaps freedom. One might question what freedom has to do with either discrimination or affirmative action, and the answer might be the actual explanation of what freedom means. Freedom is the right to share fully and equally in American society to vote, to hold a job, to enter a public place, to go to school. It is right to be treated in every part of national life as a person equal in dignity and forecast to all others. (Curry, G.E. &West, C. , 1996, p. 17) In a society in which freedom is in existence, the equal opportunity employment practice is easier to put in practice. Some people might use this freedom in an abusive form, ending up in discrimination or affirmative action. That is why it is necessary that a focal point EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity) exist. The goal of this organization is to establish rules and regulations and, whenever a case of discrimination or affirmative action is reported , this organization needs to study it thoroughly and then determine how it could be corrected. In some occasions, it is even necessary to take legal action.Legal Issues of Affirmative Action Unlike discrimination, which is so clearly against the law and there is a great deal of coverage some(prenominal) piece of musically and statutorily, it has not become possible to have affirmative action at the uniform level. No one constitutional or statutory provision covers all the many different varieties of affirmative action. (C. Wolf-Devine, 1997, p. 182) As a result, it becomes very intricate for both judges and attorneys to deal with a case of affirmative action. If a man that does not belong to a minority group is not hired solely because that company is currently taken affirmative action when hiring, he would first report the incidence to Equal Opportunity Employment Commission. If the E.O.E.C. determines that the individual has brought prima facie evidence, they might decide to ta ke legal action against that company. The judge and the attorney are likely to regard the whole case as a reverse-discrimination and by doing so, the resembling sources of law that are used in a discriminating case can be used for this particular one.After all, the individual that was hired was only successful to obtain this job because he or she belongs to a minority group, not because he was the best qualified for it. If the case had been just the opposite the individual that was hired did not belong to a minority group, whereas the one that was not hired did it would have been a regular discrimination case, which would have had a great deal of coverage in the American legal system. The very same situation would have been with someone who has been working at a company for a very long time and, due to his valuable qualifications, would deserve promotion. Besides the fact that promotion is not given to him, two other co-workers a cleaning woman and an African American do becom e promoted in an attempt to take affirmative action. Given that promotion is also controlled to E.E.O.C., the individual contacts them immediately and they determine that the matter is to be brought in front of a judge. This case would also be treated as a discriminating case, and it indeed is a case of reverse discrimination. According to Herman Belz, in his book Equality Transformed (1991)Affirmative action lacks consistency and coherence insofar as the Supreme Court applied two antithetical theories of employment discrimination, upheld quotas in hiring and promotion while prohibiting them in layoffs, and used some form of strict scrutinity review to analyze discrimination under the shaping while forsaking such reviews under Title VII and only then asking whether a race conscious measure promoted the goal of minority employment. (p. 225 & 226)The above shows up to what point affirmative action is to be treated like discrimination when it comes to legal matter. However, the fact that when affirmative action is taken does not at all mean that there has in fact been discrimination put judges and attorneys in a cumbersome situation. While discrimination has the same principles, is clear and can be carefully considered, affirmative action in general regarded as the opposite of discrimination is never clear enough to be handled by a judge and attorneys. As we know, affirmative action is sometimes taken as a remedy, whereas discrimination comes as a matter of opinion. For instance, a company that never hires African American is sued for discrimination. The basis of this type of discrimination will always be the same the accused will try to revoke the fact. Someone that is sued for taking affirmative action will rather try to justify his attitude.How to Stop Affirmative Action from Being Taken Affirmative action is definitely not an effective diversity or opportunity policy it is merely reverse discrimination. Given that a person obtains what he or she wishes b ecause he or she belongs to a minority group not because he or she deserves it, the policy is very unfair indeed. A fair policy would be one in which the best-skilled individual takes over a position at a company or someone who qualifies for a grant or scholarship to attend college obtains it. On some occasions, there might be a court order for a company to take affirmative action. When this happens, it is usually in an attempt to settle a lawsuit that was placed because discriminatory policies were adopted by that particular company. When affirmative action is taken on a voluntary basis without any good reason whatsoever, it becomes a legal transgression that is just as awful as discrimination. Obviously, a court cannot order a company taking affirmative action to be discriminatory from now on, as this would only be an awful crime. The solution toward the problem of taking affirmative action is quite simple the company should make their hiring and promotion decision based on the w orkers skills and qualifications, not based on the fact that that particular individual belongs to a minority group. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission should come up with some guidelines to prevent companies from taking affirmative action altogether. Those guidelines should be brought to the attention of the U.S. Senate in order for them to become laws. As we know, when a company is accused of taking affirmative action, judges and attorneys find it difficult to handle the case, because there are not enough laws against it. Copying the laws of discrimination would not be an option, because a court would never order a company to discriminate, whereas it might order a company to take affirmative action as a remedy for past discriminatory activities. New laws need to be put in force, as laws against affirmative action were in some occasions questioning. It is very painful to pinpoint that extreme affirmative action is widespread in the United States, and there does not seem to be any solution at first sight. Under the assumption that affirmative is taken as a remedy toward discrimination, the number of individual that claim to suffer from affirmative actions exceeds the number of the ones who suffered from discrimination in the past and now benefit from the policy. Empirically the official case for affirmative action is light(a) and conceptually it is loose. Believing that the policy has been good for America and that it has been an instantaneous move to color-blindness would be ill-advised. Equal opportunity is supported by everybody, but it would be contrasted to the extreme to believe that the way to achieve it is phasing out affirmative action. Michigan, a state in which there are many opponents, is one of the ones that have think to ban affirmative action altogether, and such a measure is believed to be one of the harshest attacks on affirmative action to come to a vote anywhere in the country.This movement has been called Michigan Civil Rights inaugural and it deserves to be called the Michigan Anti-Affirmative Action Initiative. It was also intended to add language to the Michigan state constitution to disallow preferential treatment based on gender, or race. Other states following suit are California, Washington State, and Florida. The passage of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative would specifically ban public institutions from using affirmative action programs that give preferential treatment to people from minority groups and prohibit public institutions from discriminating against groups or individuals that do not belong to those groups. The Michigan Civil Rights Initiative is indeed very appropriate and the whole country, as well as the whole world, should follow in their footsteps.Anderson, T.H. (2004). Pursuit of Fairness A History of Affirmative Action. Oxford University Press, (p.2, 3 & 142)Belz, H. (1991) Equality Transformed, Transaction Publishers (p225 & p226)Bernbach, J.M. (1998). Job Discrimination II, Voire Dire Press (p. 3 & 4)Burestein, P. (1994). Equal Employment Opportunity, Aldine Transaction (p. 85)Burestein, P. (1998). Discrimination, Jobs, and Politics. University of Chicago Press (p. 42)Clayton, S.D., & Crosby, F.J. (1992). Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action. University of Michigan Press (p. 1 & 2)Clayton, S.D., & by F.J. &, VanDeVeer, C. (2000). Sex, Race, and Merit. University of Michigan Press (p. 4)Curry, G.E. & West, C. (1996). The Affirmative Action Debate, Basic Books (p. 17)Edwards, P.K. (2000). Industrial Relations Theory and Practice. Blackwell Publishing (p. 9)Skrentny, J.D. (1996). The Ironies of Affirmative Action Politics, Culture, and Justice in America. University of Chicago Press (p. 1 & 2)Steinhold, F.S. (2007) The Employees Legal Handbook, Nolo, (p. 156)Wolf-Devine, C. (1997) Diversity and Community in the Academy, Rowman & Littlefield, (p. 182)Websters Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002

History Notes on Cuban Missile Crisis and Protest in America in the 1960’s

History Matric Notes. The Cuban Missile Crisis. This was the most(prenominal) serious crisis between the ground forces and USSR in the fib of the Cold contend. Cuba was a communist country only 90 miles off the coast of USA. In October 1962 US spy planes identify nuclear rocket sites being built in Cuba. Background Cuba tradition anyy had a still relationship with the USA. Batista who was president/dictator at the time was viewed as safeguard against communism by the USA, but when revolutionary Fidel Castro overthrew him in 1959 they became suspicious. Castro introduced socialist reforms and started trade negotiations with the Soviet Union. At the height of the Cold War, the existence of a communist country so close to the United States was viewed with great alarm. They secretly started to plan to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. > Bay of Pigs In April 1961, with backing from the CIA, an armed force of Cuban exiles, with supplies from Kennedy, invaded Cuba. This was a cap acious failure as Castros forces easily defeated the invaders, killing them or taking them as pris unmatchedrs. This affair was deeply embarrassing for the US as their intricacy in the incident had been publicly exposed, and also because it was so badly planned and executed. laterwards this Castro offici all toldy decl bed he communist and turned increasingly towards the USSR for economic and diplomatic support. > What happened after this? To avoid another US-backed invasion of Cuba and to co-operate with Krushev (USSR president), Castro agreed to the construction of Soviet missiles in Cuba. The Americans watched this happen with great alarm and when the U2 spy plane flew over Cuba in 1962 showing that nuclear missiles were being built shit went d give birth. What Kennedy Did. * Broadcast the American good deal, informing them of the potential affright and what he intended to do about it. The Americans block Cuba and stopped any ship suspected of carrying any arms. * The S oviets and Castro complained to the UN, saying the US was threatening world peace. * Kennedy threatened to invade Cuba and remove the missiles by force. *The next 10 days were extremely tense as the world was only the brink of nuclear war. It was Krushev who broke the standoff and agreed to remove the missiles as long as the US agreed never to invade Cuba again. The Cuban Missile Crisis so ended and Kennedy became an instant hero to the West for his apparent tough approach The Outcome. ) Kennedy became a hero and gained a great re fix upation in the USA for standing up to the Soviet Union. Khrushev also became kn experience in Soviet circles for being the reconciler as he was willing to agnize the first compromise. 2) The relationship between the USA and USSR improved and a permanent hotline directly liked from the White fellowship to the Kremlin was set up to avoid this ever happening again. A socio-economic class later they both signed the Nuclear Test Ban which limited tests on nuclear weapons. 3) Cuba bear oned Communist and highly armed. However the missiles were removed.Stuff to think about. > Why did the Soviets moorage nuclear missiles in Cuba? * They genuinely wanted to defend Cuba. * Khrushev was concerned about the missile gap between the USSR and USA and seized any opportunity to maturate missiles in closer range of the USA. * Khrushev wanted to test how blind drunk the Americans really were. (Back off or Face up) * Khrushev wanted to use the missiles as a bargaining centre. Agree to remove them in return for some American concessions. > Did the Bay of Pigs incident dedicate to /spark the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis? secern Terms.Cold War Started in 1945, after WW2, the Cold War was an ideological battle between capitalist pop USA (West) and the communist authoritarian USSR (East). There were never any direct battles between each others soil arms race, space race. two these countries influenced other countries. Containment This was the policy that was outlined the Truman Doctrine, in order to prevent the spread of communism throughout the world based on the Domino Theory (when one country fell to communism, others countries will follow) Statesmanship Usually a political draw of a country who is espected for their actions or doing the right thing for his county. Brinkmanship The practice of button a dangerous situation or confrontation to the limit of safety especially to force a desired outcome. Civil Rights Movement The 1960s was a decade of popular protest. The CRM in the US was a great e. g. of how effective popular mass protests could be. As a result at that place was less(prenominal) diversity against African Americans. Some activists felt that the CRM did not go far enough and the stark Power Movement then arose.At the same time women began to require touch on rights and their was a widespread op moorage to the American war in Vietnam which led to protests by students for inter communit yal peace. The Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement in the USA. In the 1960s, African American made up 10% of the population. many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) of them did not have the same political rights as white Americans as there was prejudice and discrimination against them. This lead to the emergence of the CRM which used non-violent tactics to demand quality and end segregation. Others however adopted the more violent and radical approaches of the BPM.The position of African Americans in the 1960s Even though there was progress in the 1950s African Americans were still subjected to segregation and discrimination, especially in the gray states. For example in 1954 the US Supreme court ruled that segregation in schools were illegal but most southern schools re chief(prenominal)ed segregated. Although it was the policy of the US national government to end segregation, it was not properly enforced. *However the was some success in the 50s Rosa Parks Montgomer y Bus ostracize > This boycott resulted in the Supreme Court outlawing the segregation of buses in 56.As a result of this the minister Martin Luther king emerged as the leader of the CRM. How did the CRM gain momentum in the 1960s? In 1960 stark students at a North Carolina university staged a sit-in at a lunch counter who refused to serve minatory customers. Their example was followed by 70000 other students who held similar protests in other segregated facilities. Soon thousands more smuggled and white students joined in a massive campaign of non- fierceness protest to demand for desegregated facilities. At the Lincoln Memorial in 1963, 250000 people from all religious amp ethnic backgrounds came together to demand full racial equality.This crowd remained peaceful the entire time and listened to one of the most memorable name and referencees in history, the I have a dream speech by MLK. A year later was known as Freedom Summer where shocking and white complaisant campa igners from the more liberal states went to Mississippi to abrupt Freedom Schools. These schools taught basic literacy, sullen history and stressed black pride. But there was a violent reaction to all of this Freedom workers beaten and arrested. As a result of this the US sexual relation passed the Civil Rights Act 64 barring segregation amp discrimination in employment in all public facilities.What was the Black Power Movement? The CRM was focused on ending segregation in the south, however their was a lot of segregation in the north. Many black Americans living in the north rejected the non violent approaches of the CRM and Southern Christian Leadership Conference and turned to Black Power instead. Malcolm X argued that force play was necessary to tackle white racism and self-defence against groups like the KKK. He was critical of Kings non-violent approach and said that he held black people back. Malcolm promoted black separation believing blacks needed to be self-reliant.As a result of the BPM black mayors were elected in 7 cities and programmes to improve housing facilities were put in place. *Black Panthers were a militant group within BPM who very willing to use violence. The Womens Movement During the 1950s women were expected to stay at home and bear witness families. There were a limited number of careers women could choose from and their skills were often undermined by sexist stances and sexual harassment. Womens Movement in USA. * In the 60s womens attitude began to change. They were no longer willing to accept their inferior position in the work place. This new attitude was partially influenced by The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan 63. Friedan argues that the American meat class home had become a comfortable concentration camp for women. * Friedan and others set up the topic Organisation for women (NOW) who aimed to raise the status of women and end discrimination. * Feminists used petitions, strikes and legal action to force employers i nto given women equal rights in the work force. > The Womens Movement in the US influenced many other women in other countries to take action such as Britain, Italy, Mexico and France.The Disarmament, Peace and Student Movements. A major concern in the 60s was that the Cold War would become hot and that a nuclear war would break out. Protest movements then emerged to ban nuclear weapons as well as Peace Movements who were against the drafting of young USA students into the Vietnam War. Disarmament Movement. After the USA had dropped atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during WW2 there was an extremely tense melodic phrase as other countries started to develop nuclear weapons and the possibility of a nuclear war was suitable an actual possibility.Also the environmental damage caused by the nuclear tests was becoming a concern. In 1958 Britain formed the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). The CND held a four day march in London and each other year this march attracted more and more people. Branches of the CND spread all over Britain and by the 1960s, anti-nuclear protests (Ban the Bomb) all over the world were supported by hundreds of thousands of people. After the Cuban Missile Crisis US, USSR and Britain agreed to a ban on nuclear testing in the atmosphere, though not underground.After this DM got smaller as the threat of nuclear war was less immediate. When the US passed the nuclear non-pro careerration Treaty in 68 the Disarmament movement was considered a victory and ended. Peace Movement. Was against the Vietnam War and emerged in American Universities and then spread to other sections of American society. People had started to question why America was spending so much money they were ineffectual to win and it reminded when Europe colonised Asia. The Vietnam War was the first televised war people saw the devastation and suffering the war was causing Vietnam.The US introduced conscription to raise troops to fight in Vietnam. Some men refused to go (draft dodgers) and many of them moved abroad. There were strikes and demonstration across all universities in America. The most serious protests occurred when President Nixon announced the US was extending the war to Cambodia in 1970. At Kent University in Ohio soldiers fired at student protestors killing four students. People were horrified, cd universities closed and 2 million students went on strike. Student Movements. Students questioned authority parents, reading system, government and values of society. The young people who grew up in the 60s were known as the baby boomers and by the mid 60s most of them had begun enrolling in colleges and universities. Universities did not have the facilities to cope with so many students and many campuses became overcrowded. Many students were dissatisfied with the education system and how the universities were run. The CRM triggered student awareness of the problems in their society. Many of them joined the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). Some students protested by drop out of society and becoming hippies. They rejected conformity and the materialism of society. Dont trust anyone over 30 Make Love, not War. These protests were taking place all over the world and reached a peak in 1968. Key demands in these protests were greater participation by students in the decisions of the universities administration and a sack of the curriculum. They also included wider political and social demands such as less violence by government and protests against the communist bloc in Eastern Europe. Key Terms Civil Society Protest Forms of protest usually against laws or government policies thought to be unjust taken by ordinary citizens of a country.Civil Rights Movement Protest movement started by MLK devoted to peaceful and non-violent protest of civil disobedience against discrimination and segregation of black people in the USA and to gain full typographyal rights for all black citizens. Passive resistance A de liberate policy adopted to oppose policies or laws whereby opposition is conveyed in a deliberate non-violent fashion. SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference founded in 1957 by MLK which co-ordinated the fight for civil rights in the South for the black people of the USA.CORE The Congress for Racial Equality , founded in 1942 , campaigned for civil rights 50s 60s and is partially associated with the Freedom Riders , sit-ins and registering black voters in the South. Black Power This became the guide word of the more militant black movements in 66. It advocated black identity based on black culture and black values. It argued for racial separation blacks should run their own society without white interference. Black Power rejected passive resistance and urged black people to fight back if attacked.Nation of Islam Black Muslims argued for the establishment of a distract black identity and rejected black/white integration. Disarmament Movement advocating that countries r educe their weapons spend less on the military and the removal or defusing of nuclear weapons. Feminism Rejected age-old patterns of discrimination against women and advocated that women have the same rights and privileges as men. ESSAY. PARTY. Civil Rights Movement vs. Black Power Movement During the 1950s and 1960s oppression in the black community of the United States of America was at its ultimate high.This severe oppression led to activists in the black community to eventually speak out and demand change. The two main political activists during this fight and struggle for black equality were Martin Luther King Jnr. and Malcolm X. Although essentially fighting for the same outcomes, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jnr. had very opposite ideals and strategies in their fight for civil rights. Martin Luther King who is known for his peaceful protesting during the Civil Rights Movement was born in a middle class, comfortable home. He graduated school at 15 were he then went on to college to graduate with a Bachelor Degree in Divinity.After his education he moved to Montgomery, Alabama where he became a Pastor. In 1955 King started the Civil Rights Movement to fight for the rights of oppressed Black Americans. The movement aimed to outlaw racial discrimination against African Americans and to grant them civil rights. King believed that through hard work, leadership and non -violent protest black Americans could achieve equality. In Kings address in March 1963 to the people of Washington he said In the fulfil of gaining our rightful place we must not be inculpative of unlawful deeds.Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. This shows us that King strongly believed in passive resistance and believed that black Americans must fight peacefully and without bitterness in order to gain equality. His ideals were shaped by his Christian faith and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, an ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little he changed his surname in rejection of slavery in America. Malcolm was born in a poor, deprived family with his septette brothers and sisters.Three of Malcolms brothers were killed by white men, as well as his uncle and father who were killed by the Ku Klux Klan. Malcolm spent most of his childhood in foster care after his mother was admitted into a mental institution after her husband and sons deaths. After being told there was no such thing as a black lawyer Malcolm dropped out of school and became involved in stealing and drugs. He was eventually arrested and sent to prison. During his seven year incarceration he converted to Islam and joined the Nation of Islam.After he was lightingd from prison he became the spokesperson for the Nation of Islam and became one of its most powerful speakers attracting thousands of African-Americans. Malcolm X unlike Martin Luther King believed in fighting violenc e with violence, he was against all white people and was even considered by critics as a racist. Malcolm X was no doubt an extremist this can be shown from an verbalize of one his speeches to students in Mississippi in 1964 Dont try to be friends with somebody who is depriving you of your rights. They are not your friends. They are your enemies. Treat them like that.Fight and youll get your freedom. Malcolm believed in the saying separate but equal. This is known as Black Nationalism which was what Malcolm X strived for. He believed that the black man should be able to wangle the politics and politicians in his community. It is clear that Malcolm X and Martin Luther king had very different ideas and strategies in their fight for Civil Rights. Malcolm was an extremist, whilst King was a passive leader. King believed in a joint fight with white supporters of the Civil Rights Movement, whilst Malcolm believed in complete independence from any white people in the fight for Civil Rig hts.The anchor difference between these two political activists is that unlike Martin Luther King, Malcolm X believed that rather then integrate with white society, black Americans should control every aspect of the black community. These extreme differences undoubtedly stem from the two political activists child-hoods and pasts. However, as different as these two were in terms of their styles of speaking and definition of equality, they both promoted black pride, power and unity and fought for the civil rights of all black Americans. BothMalcolm and King gave hope to their people during times of struggle and main aims were to instil power and dignity to Black American in order to overcome the great prejudices they faced and to bring equality and justice to the black community of America We can conclude that Martin Luther King Jnr. and Malcolm X were contrasting political activists fighting for the same causes. The oppression these two extremely different various(prenominal)s face d in their lives led them to become the two main political activists in the same fight for black equality and civil rights in America in the 1960s.They shall always be remembered and praised for their contribution to equality of black people all over the world. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission The TRC was a court-like quinine water justicebody assembled inSouth Africaafter the end ofapartheid. Witnesses who were identified as victims of gross human rights violations were invited to give statements about their experiences some were selected for public hearings. Perpetrators of violence could also give testimony and requestamnesty from both civil and criminal prosecution. -gt Why was the TRC put in place? After 1994 when South Africa became a democratic country, it was decided that a process of healing and reconciliation should be embarked upon. There were two viewpoints, one from the ANC, which called for hearings to be held that would utter the truth about the past, while on the other hand the National Party wanted a general amnesty for all apartheid crimes. In light of this it was finally agreed that a Truth and Reconciliation Commission be established. They came to a compromise reveal and acknowledge the past and promote reconciliation and amnesty. * Consisted of Desmond Tutu and Dr Alex Boraine as well as 17 truth commissioners. * Was broadcast on TV, radio and newspapers (media and public had access) biggest different between TRC in SA and TRC in other countries before hand. >The aims of the TRC were To investigate the causes of human violations during apartheid To recommend some form of compensation for victims of apartheid To grant amnesty to those found guilty of human rights violations TRC argued this ould bring out more of the truth. (Not everyone was granted amnesty). > Purpose of the TRC Having looked the beast of the past in the eye, having asked and received forgiveness and having made amends, let us leave out the door on the pas t not in order to choke up it, but in order not to allow it to imprison us. Let us move into the glorious future of a new kind of society where people count, not because of biological irrelevancies but because they are persons of infinite worth created in the image of God. Desmond Tutu. Finding the truth about the past to rectify and move on towards a better future >Three committees were set up to deal with the work of the TRC citizens committee on Human Rights Violations Committee on Reparation and Rehabilitation was charged with restoring victims dignity and formulating proposals to assist with rehabilitation. (Monetary Compensation). Committee on Amnesty considered applications from individuals who applied for amnesty in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Had to be politically motivated, proportionate and tell the whole truth. ) DID NOT NEED TO SAY SORRY. > Truth and Reconciliation? The TRC was viewed as much less effective in bringing about reconciliation. S ome said that the proceedings only helped to remind them of the horrors that had taken place in the past when they had been working to forget such things. Thus, the TRCs effectiveness in terms of achieving those very things within its title is still debatable > The TRCs conclusion The TRC completed its report in 1998.It think that PW Bothas government had moved from a policy of repression to one of killing of its opponents, as well as being responsible for torture, abduction and sabotage. The report also criticised De Klerk for the activities of the third gear force which had tried to disrupt the negotiations. It also criticised the ANC for civilian causalities in MK operations, for the torture and executions that had happened in ANC camps in exile and the use of violence against its opponents. > Was Tutu realistic in his expectations of the TRC? Yes * He had faith as he believed in forgiveness and redemption. He acknowledged that the TRC which was a process which made a contr ibution to harmony and nation building but was only part of a process * He didnt expect everyone to agree with him about the value of the TRC * The apartheid era forces could not all be punished, and a way must be found to integrate them willingly into The New South Africa. No * No real incentive for aegis forces to come forward * Expecting to much of the black population who suffered so much during apartheid * Reparations were not substantial as you cannot put a price on a mans life Examples of important TRC cases Amy Biehl was an American graduate ofStanford Universityand anAnti-Apartheid activistinSouth Africa. She studied at UCTas a scholar in theFulbright Program. When 26-year-old Biehl drove a friend home to the township ofGuguletu on August 25, 1993, a black mob pelted her car with stones and smashed its windows. Biehl was struck in the head with a brick, then dragged from her car and surrounded by a mob that stoned and stabbed her to death while she begged for her life. Fo ur of Biehls murderers were convicted for her killing however, in 1998, all were par dod by the TRC.Biehls family supported release of the killers, and her father shook the murderers hands, stating that the most important vehicle of reconciliation is open and honest dialogue -we are here to reconcile a human life which was taken without an opportunity for dialogue. When we are finished with this process we must move forward with linked arms. In 1994, Biehls parents, Linda and Peter, founded theAmy Biehl Foundation Trustto develop and empower young person in the townships, in order to discourage further violence. * http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=tKfKuiyqaiE Siphiwo Mtimkulu. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=tef2AwcIZsw Father Michael Lapsley > How successful was the TRC? Is the question most often asked. in(predicate) in terms of what? Nuremberg? Chile? Southern Africa? In terms of South African expectations? International expectations? Justice? Truth? Reconciliation? -> M any people were against the sentiment of amnesty they wanted justice rather than the truth. Many people found it difficult to accept that men who were guilty of appalling crimes should be allowed to walking free, evidently because of a public confession.Others were angered by the fact that many perpetrators who applied for amnesty did not express any remorse. -> Many South Africans were irritated that the TRC process was not bringing about change, justice or reparation. The key components of the legislation were concerned with (i) creating a meeting place for victims, (ii) establishing the truth, (iii) reparations, (iv) amnesty and (v) reconciliation. In its efforts to create a forum for victims the TRC succeeded most remarkably.The experiences of which the victims spoke have truly become part of the national psyche and are now imbedded in this countrys acknowledged history for the very first time . This alone justifies the existence of the TRC and nobody can ever undo that. I t is difficult to judge how this outpouring of testimonies affected the South African public. ->For some black people it seems to have been cathartic to be able to tell their stories and to hear the confessions. For others, it has been infuriating to see the guilty get amnesty and walk free although I would argue that the same of exposure had been a punishment in itself.Many whites accused the TRC of being a witch-hunt and of stirring up hatreds that they said would make reconciliation impossible. But a few, mainly white Afrikaners, there is a deep sense of guilt and soul searching, for theirs was the ruling group and these confessing monsters are their own people. -> They were not seeking forgiveness from us but from the government. > What did the people of South Africa feel? * Perpetrators left off to lightly. * Indifferent to victims needs only received a 30% reparation package after waiting 5 years. Not even-handed Too victim friendly , set out to ostracise and humili ate the so called perpetrators * Too even-handed * Not enough reconciliation Disappointed not more victims and perpetrators actually reconciled > Link between TRC and nation building? The new constitution supported the idea of national unity based on reconciliation and reconstruction of society. Many people therefore believe that there was a strong link between the TRC and nation building. Retributive Justice Restorative Justice offensive activity is an act against the state, a violation of a law, an abstract idea Crime is an act against another person and the community The criminal justice system controls crime Crime control lies primarily in the community Offender obligation defined as taking punishment Accountability defined as assuming responsibility and taking action to repair harm Crime is an individual act with individual responsibility Crime has both individual and social dimensions of responsibility Punishment is effective * Threats of punishment deter crime * Punishmen t changes deportment Punishment alone is not effective in changing demeanour and is disruptive to community harmony and good relationships Victims are peripheral to the process Victims are central to the process of resolving a crime. The offender is defined by deficits The offender is defined by capacity to make reparation Focus on establishing blame or guilt on the past (did he/she do it? ) Focus on the problem solving, on liabilities/obligations, on the future (what should be done? Emphasis on adversarial relationshipEmphasis on dialogue and negotiation Imposition of pain to punish and deter/prevent Restitution as a means of restoring both parties goal of reconciliation/restoration Community on sideline, represented abstractly by state Community as facilitator in restorative process Response focused on offenders past behaviour Response focused on harmful consequences of offenders behaviour emphasis is on the future Dependence upon proxy professionals Direct involvement by part icipants Amnesty This is an official pardon which would be granted in esteem to acts, omissions and offences with political objectives committed in the course of conflicts in the past Reparations Making amends for doing wrong to victims or their families and dependants. This also sometimes (in the case of S. A) included well-favored monetary compensation to victims or their families. Ubuntu directly defined means humanness. It means having the quality which separates men from animals being compassionate and gentle and using ones strength on behalf of the weak in a community

Trends in American Pop Culture

Today in America, much of our lives is defined by favourite close. Traditions and patterns handed down from generations have been influenced by popular culture in society more today than of yesteryear. Trends argon changing in regard to convenience, communication, and personal gain. In this essay, I will speak on the trends of social, political, personal, and religious. When I think of social trends, I am reminded of the new technology that exists today. Technology has change the way we communicate forcing us to stay abreast on the latest version and gadgets to remain functioning actively.Computers and cellular telephones, once accessories, but be necessities today. The Internet is a tool that has changed the way we live when shopping, paying bills, horizontal doing research. Gone are the days of land lines and pay phones. Those gadgets are replaced by cellular phones with text messaging capabilities that allow instant messages to be received meteoric than voice messaging. Elect ronic mail, also k at one timen as e-mail, whether used personally or in the workplace, has replaced postal bulk mail in some instances. kindly networking websites of Twitter, Facebook, My Space, YouTube, and eHarmony are very popular today.Users of these sites can share a personal profile, make new friends, date online, post a ikon and daily messages. Also, end 500 companies use the internet to advertise to increase sales and business. A popular trend in politics during the 2008 Presidential Election was voter registration. numerous community websites drew subscribers to register to vote. Volunteers across the country supported their candidate of cream to get the message out to vote, by going door to door, keeping community rallies, and voter drives. Also, celebrity endorsement in the election became a popular trend.Many celebrities did television commercials, and group songs in support of their candidate of choice based on their belief of important values. I believe both tre nds will continue in future elections as they proved to be get word factor in winning votes. From the manifestation of personal trends in American popular culture, tattoo and body piercing are the happenings. Both genders of young adults including celebrities, athletes, and singers are following this trend of displaying visual art and design on their body. Also, young adults are influenced today with rap and pop music, urban clothing lines, team sportswear, pic games, and iPods.By way of education, online universities are offering classes to earn degrees. This trend is convenient for many working adults with families. While living in the digital age, the digital/video camera is a common personal item that is used to capture memories of special events that is recorded on digital video disc (DVD) to view with family members and friends. Also, movies are now recorded on DVD, while music is recorded on compact disc (CD). Lastly, I will speak on the religious aspect of popular culture in America.The Scientology and Kabbalah religion are popular among celebrities in Hollywood. In the catholic religion, not much has changed by way of traditions. However, at that place are reports of priest sexually abusing alter boys, that has resulted in convictions and various lawsuits against the Vatican. This action may be called a trend, but the abuse happened years ago that is now visible on the forefront in todays society. In other religions, there are trends of many perform leaders under scrutiny for using church funds for personal financial gain as they live lavish lifestyles.Some are also involved in sex scandals, committing adultery and incriminate of domestic violence. Some trends have spoiled us in becoming impatient for instant gratification, while forgetting the traditions handed down to us. American popular culture is exposed through the mass media every day in areas of social, political, personal, and religious. We are affixed to tuning in to hearing the latest to keep up with the happenings in American society to get us through the day, which is a trend in itself. References Wilson, J. R. , & Wilson, S. R. (2001). Mass Media, Mass Culture, (5e).

Khmer New Year in Cambodia

Khmer bracing social class in Cambodia Khmer New Year, or Bon Chol Chhnam Thmei in the Khmer language, is the greatest traditional festival and national holiday in Cambodia, and the celebration suffer for three long time. Khmer New year starts on April the 13th, 14th or fifteenth depending on the ancient horoscope Maha Sangkran, 2012 it starts on the 13 of April. The majority of the Cambodians are still farmers and Khmer New Year marks the end of the harvest season when farmers enjoy the fruits of their industry and relax before the start of the rainy season.In the villages the flock engage in traditional Khmer games, they play games such as the Bas Angkunh seed throwing, Chaol Chhoung twisted-scarf throwing, Leak Kanseng twisted-scarf hide and spring to traditional Khmer songs. The first day of Khmer New Year is called Maha Sangkran, Sangkran means movement and refers to that the sun is moving into a new Zodiac sign and Maha means great. Some understand that Maha Sangkran me ans welcome to the new spirits. In the morning the Cambodians ordain go to the temple and can food to the monks and receive blessings.During this clock time the Cambodians clean and decorate their homes and evolve fruits and drinks on a table or in their spirit mark to welcome the new spirits. Elderly people like to meditate or beg the Dharma because they believe that any spirit that comes to their home will stay with them throughout the whole year and take care of their family. The guerrilla day is called Wanabot and it is the day that they offer gifts to parents, grandparents and elders.In the evening of this day many Cambodians will go to the temple and build a mountain of gumption to remember their ancestors who have passed away and have the monks lay down them blessings of happiness and peace. The third day is called Leung Sakk and this is the first day of the new year. In the morning the Cambodians go to the temple and perform a ceremony where the mountain of sand get s blessed. The last ceremony is called Pithi Srang Preah and the purpose of this ceremony is to honor and to give a special cleansing to Buddha Statues, the monks, elders, grandparents and parents.During this ceremony the participators apologize for any mistakes they have made during the last year. The Khmer New Year is not only a great festival it is also an opportunity to pass on the Cambodian traditions to the next generation. The History of Khmer New Year Posted on April 10, 2009 by Chanroeun Pa 4 Comments In ancient countries of Chompou Tvip (the central continent of the seven continents surrounding Mount Meru) the elder people adopted the Khmer New Years date in Khe Mikase (January), i. e. he early year. According to the lunar calendar, they formerly chose three seasons including Heman Radov or winter, Kimha Radov ir spicy season and Vasan Radov or rainy season. Since Chol Sakarach (Lesser Era) they have formally adopted the solar calendar and held the Khmer New Year Festiva l in Khe Chet (fifth month) that is a free time from their farming. Four main seasons in the solar calendar contain winter, spring, summer and autumn. The Khmer people have adopted the fifth solar month, known as Khe Chet, to continue their New Year festival.Usually, according to the solar calendar, the Khmer New Year falls on the 13th of April although sometimes it falls on the 14th of April. The auspicious make of the Khmer New Year is detailed in the astrological almanac and extends over three days. The first day is known as Maha Sangkran or Great farmers calendar Day, the second day is called Veara Vanabath or Worshipping Day, and the third day is known as Veara Leung Sak or Rank and Promotion Day. Of the three days Veara Leung Sak is considered the most auspicious.The history of the Khmer New Year is closely connected to the seven signs of the zodiac for the week. The legend of the New Year is detailed in the farmers calendar which says In ancient, happier times, a young man by the name of Thoamabal, the son of a tycoon, had an extensive knowledge of three Vedas (ancient books on Hinduism) by the age of seven. Thoamabals father built a temple under the spread of a large Chrey tree (a fig tree) on the banks of a river that was home to many species of birds. He had an innate business leader that enabled him to understand the languages of birds. Thoamabals attributes allowed him to become a layman in charge of religious ceremonies for all classes of people. Upon hearing this news an other(a) religious leader Kabel Maha Prohm, mulish to challenge Thoamabal with tree soaks. He vowed that if Thaomabal could successfully answer the riddles he, Kabel Maha Prohm, would be beheaded however if Thoamabal could not answer the riddles correctly then it would be Thoamabal who would be beheaded. Thoamabal insisted on having seven days to answer the puzzling enigma until Kabel Maha Prohm agreed.For six days Thoamabal could not solve the problems and knew that he fac ed the prospect of being killed by Kabel Maha Prohm the next morning. He therefore decided to hide himself and let his life fade away by natural causes. He hid himself beneath a pair of scratching palm trees in which a pair of eagles were nesting, that night Thoamabal overheard the eagles talking. The female subscribe toed, What will we eat tomorrow morning? The male eagle replied, We will eat the underframe of Thoamalobal because tomorrow he is going to be beheaded by Kabie Maha Prohm due to his inability to solve the riddles.The female then asked, What are the riddles? The male answered, The first riddle is, where is quite a little to be found in the mornine? Of course the answer is that luck is on the face because people always take water to wash their faces. The second riddle asked, where is luck located at noon? It is on the chest because people always take water to wash their chests. Finally, the third question asked, where is luck located in the evening? The answer is that luck is on the feet because people always wash their feet in the evening.Thoamabal overheard all of the conversation and so happily returned to his temple. In the morning Kabel Maha Prohm came to ask Thoamabal if he could answer the three riddles. Thoamabal successfully answered each of the riddles. Kabel Maha Prohm realixing he had failed, called his seven daughters, who were maids of Branma, to learn of his fate. Kabal Maha Prohm said, Your father is foing to be beheaded in forepart of Thoamabal. If my head is set on the earth , if will set fire to Earth, if my head is thrown into the air, the rain will evaporate, if my head is thrown into the sea, the sea will dry up.Therefore I ask you, my seven daughters to get a holy metal tray on which to set your fathers head. Having said this, he beheaded himself and his head was passed to Neang Toungsa, the eldest of his daughters. She placed her fathers head on the holy tray and then proceeded to walk around Mount Meru for one hour, respectfully keeping the tray on her right hand. She then took the tray to the temporary sanctuary of Phnom Kailas. At Phnom Kailas, Preah Visakam created a hall where seven holy glasses (Pheakabatei Saphea) were set. The glasses were for use by angels during ceremonies.Each year the seven angels took turns to invoke the head of Kabel Maha Prohm to and complete a holy procession around Mount Meru. Following the holy procession the angels returned to their heaven. The Seven Angels of the Almanac If the annual procession talls on a Sunday then the day will be known as Toungsa, Monday is Kooreak, Tuesday is called Reaksa, Wednesday is Kereney, Friday is known as Kemera and Saturday is Mahaotra. During the Khmer New Year Festival, youths gather to play popular traditional games such as Chaol Chhoung (throwing a ball) and Bas Angkunh (throwing brown seeds).The youths are normally divided into female and male teams to play these games. In some parts of Cambodia, e. g. Siem Reap and Batta mbang, they play a game known as the Trot Dance. Trot performers dance and ask for alms from house to house in their village. A man will ride on a long curved stick with a deers head on one side and with a cluster of grass on the other side like the deers tail. Two men pretend to be hunters and are armed with a crossbow. When they receive alms they will donate it for the benefit of the local pagoda.In villages along the Mekong Riverinthe province of Kandal women gather to rowboats in front of the pagodas. This action is believed to compose the crocodiles. This custom originated long ago when many crocodiles lived in the river. In some villages, people trample on effigies to appease the ghosts that live in the trees near the pagodas and ask for happiness in the coming year. The Khmer people will gather together and visit pagodas and temples on the occasion of the Khmer New year. Each year many residents from other provinces visit Angkor Wat to worship to the powerful gods and trace their ancestors heritage.

Personal Project Picture Book On Global Warming Education Essay

A characterisation news is a view as designed for kids which uses images and illustrations to state a narrative. In some instances, a image book may convey the significance of the narrative wholly through images, without any text at all. In contrastive instances, text accompanies the images and is read along with them. In both cases, the image book is designed to present immature kids to the thought of books and reading. As a general regulation, each bend of the page reveals a new image, or series of images. The images in image books use a scope of media such as oil pigments, acrylics, water-color and pencil.I will seek the cyberspace that what is an prospering manner to do a image book.I will travel to the library when I am throw overboard and publish some image books and read them at place so so I will acquire an thought what to stupefy.The undermentioned twenty-four hours I will take some images from the net nigh planetary heating and publish them out.I will glue the ima ges on paper and right something underneath them.I will acquire the paper spiral binded so it looks like a book this will be my 1 bill of exchange.I will give it to supervisor and acquire some remarksI will travel through my remarks and do another bill of exchange might be my lowest bill of exchange of chore.IntroductionMy subject for image book is planetary heating. The term planetary heating refers to the addition in the mean temperature of planetary out-of-doors air and oceans since about 1950, and to go oning additions in those temperatures.Basically the whole thought of my undertaking on image book is that the new coevals could larn about planetary heating. My image book will be easy for the kids to understand and to read. I will non utilize excessively tall(prenominal) words because the childs wo nt be fitting to stop up understanding it.Description of procedureIt took me several hours to make my research on how to do a image book on planetary heating. aft(prenominal) that I took some apparent sheets of paper and printed out some of the exposure that I got from cyberspace about planetary heating. I saw some kids picture book in the library and got some thought, that it should be neatly written, should hold large fount size letters and non to utilize word which kids could nt understand.The best manner to make my merchandise was to acquire some documents and border a short narrative about and add images to it. I thought that this is the best manner to make it and no(prenominal) other thought could be at that place to make a image book.I learned many new accomplishments like how to cut a paper in different manner ( cloud shaped paper, egg-shaped shaped paper ) this undertaking besides helped me to take the exposure for the right paragraph. I used scissor, paper, colourss, pastic sheet and coiling bind to do my undertaking. My pick of techniques were rattling simple and easy, I think that the simplest thing will accomplish your end so I achieved my end through this simple manner. Write your paragrapgh and add exposures to it.Analysis of researchMy research affected my be aftering a batch because I had be after to seek the cyberspace about how to make an easy image book, but this was nt rather easy as I wrote in my planning. When searched it, I could nt acquire what to constitute in the narrative of my image book. The starting of planning was incorrect that s the error I had done, because of this I could nt make my deadline as the day of the month was assigned. After acquiring all the information about my undertaking, the concluding theoretical account was rather easy as I thought.I chose to make this research because I thought that I would nt be able to acquire the information which I needed to construct my undertaking. I learnt from this research that, I wo nt be able to compose a short 20-50 word narrative but I have to compose a 100-150 words narrative, because planetary heating has so much to shed about itself. I fou nd this research really helpful and I got inspired by it.Analysis of Process and OutcomesI achieved my end after a batch of difficult work and ageless research. Yes my end was realistic because all the information was based on facts. Internet was the chief hunt engine.My research was really successful because all the determination were true although one can non be hundred percent sure.The aggregation of the information was the hard portion because seeking so many different sites and determination, and after that seting them down in order was another different undertaking. Hap jeopardy work would botch my merchandise. The easy portion of the undertaking on image book on planetary heating was aggregation of images, coiling binding, ornament was merriment to make and it added colour to my work which made my merchandise even more(prenominal) presentable and visually attractive.Evaluation of MerchandiseI think my merchandise was rather seccesful because I used composing work along pict ures/representation so that it would be easir to understand. A plot or exposure gives a better image, and do it easier for people to see. I besides did non utilize really hard Hagiographas, my informations was besides really simple and it was easy to ascertain. I did non travel in to many inside informations of planetary heating, I wanted to give a good overall position which was easy for everyone to follow/read. My planetary heating merchandise was such that it coverd all major points which caused planetary heating, all the subjects were good covered so I feel that my poject was successful in relation with the end.There are some basic alterations that I would make if I had to do this undertaking on planetary heating once more.I would do the background pages a little more bright and colorfull, although merely where it would be necessary.This clip I would travel into a little more higher(prenominal) degree of research, on every that I covered I woul add a litte more of composing me rchandise, so that the individual who reads my undertaking wuld acquire a deatailed in formation on every subject on planetary heatingWhy I would make the above.First of wholly, to do it visually more attractive so the individual immedaetly pick up and read my work and secondly and a batch more particularization in informations and composing so that a individual gets a batch more in formation on every subject on planetary heating.DecisionMost of things in the procedure of my personal undertaking worked really good, but some of them did non work as I thought they might. Besides that, another thing did non work really good was making a good temper to make my work in, if i had some other prep I would nt make my personal undertaking. The book I created was non every bit good as I wanted, every twenty-four hours I used to believe that should i alteration my subject or non but I did nt, is sticked together and complete my project..My personal undertaking was really valuable non merely for me, but I hope besides for other people. By making this undertaking, I learned many things and I improve my creativeness accomplishments. I began to hold a new position of seeing the creativeness of my indoor ego. I learned this because of my supervisor Mrs cathy Berra, this was nt really hard, but Is could nt make my due day of the months.I think this was the right subject for me, because it taught me a good lesson of doing undertakings. the undertaking essay was detaining my work. I could nt understand what to make in it. but eventually one got in the right path and finished it within a calendar week s clip.

Religious and Ethnic Diversity

Religious and Ethnic transition ETH125 Lavetta Hayes 3/24/2013 The Mormons believe that at that place were Jews in America and that Jesus came to America and non the Middle Eastern holy commonwealth. They as well believe that the founder of their religion learned this information and new(prenominal) founding values of the Mormon religion based off of some golden tablets that came down to him from heaven. Personally, I think that those particular beliefs ar kind of crazy. However, nonp areil of the more than interesting beliefs that the Mormons enclose is that when they die and go to heaven.They will be reunited with all of their family, including past family members. Because of this particular belief, the Mormons keep rattling meticulous genealogical records of their families, so that when they do enter heaven they will know who their family members ar. thither is a genealogical library in e real Mormon church building and followers of these churches will often spend ho urs at a conviction in these libraries researching their families. To my knowledge, no other mainstream Christian religion keeps such good track of all feasible family ties. * The LDS ( present(prenominal) Saints) church has seen a lot of prejudice against their beliefs.Even from the beginnings of the religion, many societies stomach disagreed with their views. Because of this disagreement and over all hero-worship and misunderstanding of the religion, the followers of the religion agree been asked to leave many states. In one particular case, in that location was actually a war between the state of Missouri and the followers of the church. * Throughout history, only until the twentieth century, most of what the Mormons experienced with other religions was ostracization and fear. Even afterwards the war that had occurred in Missouri, they pacify found persecution to the places they emigrated to until they in the long run settled in Utah.Because of all of the mistreatment, t his has caused Mormons to be a very tightly knit community that is very secretive to outsiders. many a nonher(prenominal) Mormons keep their religion to themselves and their church congregation. * One of the most recognizable social functions that the Mormons acquit brought us is their incredibly famous, and very talented Mormon Tabernacle Choir. This choir has won multiple awards including a Grammy and Emmy for their performances. They pick up performed for multiple presidents and make up at the Olympics.They have released multiple albums of famous hymns and toured all over the world. This choir has compete an important role in helping the general image of the church. * The Latter Day Saints also go down on one of the best genealogical libraries in the agricultural, due to their beliefs about family, and argon major supporters of The Boy Scouts of America. numerous BSA troupes across America be funded by a local Mormon church and the National church service awards BSA m oney every year so that they may continue their efforts. The major genealogical libraries of the LDS churches are eer growing.The Mormons are also known for building and maintaining extremely gorgeous churches in major LDS communities, many of which are in Utah, only when there are also large, glorious churches in Las Vegas, New Mexico, and various areas in Southern California. The Mormons have seen a lot of persecution in American history. When the religion was overlordly founded, most communities opinion that they were strange and like other religions before them (Judaism in Germany, Paganism in the Dark Ages, and what some places in America are trying to do to Sharia Law), the religion was ostracized.This led to a keen migration of the Mormon nation to Utah, their Zion. They found cessation there for many years, only if as the terms changed and society changed, multitude erstwhile again questioned the Mormons for their oddness. People forthwith still think the Mormons are odd merely on the grander scheme of things, they have not germ in to light since the 70s. The world has bigger things to be prejudice against today so there is no point in currently questioning a religion that, in the end, does believe in Jesus.In the 60s and 70s the Mormon church building got a lot of attention because many batch were not at ease with the Mormon Churchs view on marriage and polygamy. This caused a rift in the Mormon culture and created deuce sects of the church The Fundamentalist LDS and the we know now as just Jesus Christ Church of Latter-Day Saints. The Fundamentalists were pressured to leave the traditional Mormon cities, and have since moved and founded their own communities across the compass northern and Southern sierra Nevada. No sources are entirely clear on why the Mormons have seen as much difference as they have.Though I believe that a basic understanding of human nature would show that the actor this religious group has seen so much persecut ion is because many people fear what they do not understand, and do not seek to understand what it is they fear. The Mormons have a some, even myself, would consider to be strange beliefs. Their original stance on polygamy, their strict health code, and their continual belief to dress and behave modestly. In todays day in age the latter seems nearly impossible but they still lie with to dress disparately, which I am sure is a source of discrimination for those that venture outside of their communities.The Mormons have long been thought to be polygamists, in where one man has many wives known as baby wives. While this was true at one point, and in some cases still is, the majority of the churches no hourlong practice this. Still, this has permanently marred their public image. Devout Mormons, even today, still follow strict health practices. Many of them do not consume or drink sugar, caffein, tobacco, or alcohol, and keep their food raw(a) and free of modern chemicals. Learnin g about this religion was interesting, to say the least.I am one of the few people I know that knows my ancestral line so sound, and that is because of my grandmother on my fathers side. When I asked her why I know this, and why she knows this, she told me about the Mormons belief of their families in heaven. And while I am a rooter of natural foods, and live a relatively substance free life in terms of alcohol, caffeine and sugar, to think that I could not have them as a Mormon would make me sad, because I bonk chocolate. I cannot say that I fully understand the Mormon religion, or that I ever will, or that I ever want to.They are a peaceful people, and when they come to my door and I discern them that I am happy with the religion I am, they smile and tell me to have a adept day and move on. All that I am concerned about is that they are peaceful and do not dislike me for being a different religion from them. Knowing that they are means that I can continue to think them a bit odd, but not hate or quest after them for it. I will forever understand that they are different, and because of that I will not ever hold their religion against them because I am different, and in that route, we are the alike.I might not ever understand more than that, but what is important is that there is peace for them and me. * The people we know as the Asiatics are many and varied, in looks, culture, and religion. The term of Asian refers to anyone that looks Japanese, Chinese, or, to put it more bluntly, has a rounder face and slanted eyes. Many people forget that India is a part of the Asian continent, as well as what we know as the mediate east, the untaught made famous in the movie Borat, Kazakhstan, and my personal favorite, RussiaThere are over 40 different accepted major languages in Asia, and this is not including smaller dialects and over 15 different recognized religions and spiritual beliefs, some of which we are familiar with, and some of which we are not. A few of these recognized languages are Russian, Vietnamese, Korean, and Arabic, among many others. We are familiar with the religions of Christianity, the views of Atheism, and Judaism. Another major religion in Asia, specifically Japan is Shinto. Confucianism is frequent in Korea and Islam is the largest religion of Asia. * Many races from Asia have been greeted here in America with fear and disdain.Even though we are the great melting pot, severally group of people that has immigrated here has seen their fair share, and sometimes more than their share, of hate, no matter what color their skin is or where they are from. In modern days it is easy for us to recognize the tenuous relationship that Americans have had with Muslim Americans. While the discrimination of the Muslim Americans is in the decline, there is still a lot of fear amongst the American people of this particular group at this time in history. * The country of Asia has been very war torn in spite of appearance thei r own borders as well.Many Jews within Russia are still prejudice against, the wars in the Middle East, the war and continued disdain between China and Japan, the North Korean and South Korean conflict, the list goes on. America may be wary of immigrants throughout the years, but there has been and always will be conflict amongst countries within their own borders that will encourage them to come here or elsewhere for a better life. * One of the first things I thought of after reading this question in regards to the Asian people is Chinese New Year. It might sound racist, but I love the Chinese New Year so much.It is a fun and unique solemnisation that brings back great memories from my childhood, and I believe that many Americans enjoy that celebration as well. While it is something that is distinctly Chinese/Japanese, it has become part of American culture as well. I think that is only one example of the other holidays that have been brought over from Asia, and only one of the t hings that the Asian people have contributed to our culture. * I think more than just Holidays and fun languages, any group of people that has come to America has brought an overall understanding of their culture.While all immigrant groups in America have seen discrimination and prejudice, their persistence brings an understanding and eventual peace to their settling here. One of the most prevalent and frightening displaces of prejudice and discrimination against Asian people occurred during arena con track down II, after the attack on Pearl Harbor from the Japanese. After that attack, due to fear of Asian spies within the countrys borders, many Asian-Americans of Japanese or Chinese decent were required to move into internment camps turn up across the country.While these camps were not like the labor camps into Germany, they were not any less bad. While interred in these camps, the prisoners were forced to read and learn American propaganda, they were not fed well, their sleepin g conditions were poor, and the living conditions were filthy, and just sad. Many of the inmates at the camps had their homes foreclosed on and all of their property repossessed by federal and local governments. After the prisoners were released from these camps, they did not have homes to go to, and had been separated from their families.They were also not welcome at many places to eat, live and work. If we travel only back in history, any Chinese immigrant that came to America in the 1880s was not treated very well. They were often beaten in the streets. Lynching and murder of a local Chinese immigrant was often looked over. They were chartered as cheap, fast, and replaceable workers, so if one died, no one really cared and the work continued because it was understood that there would be a replacement very soon. In the case of the internment camps during World War II, that was something that was done out of fear.The American people were afraid and as a result, a terrible thing h appened that we all try to politely ignore, but that can never be erased. In the case of the great Chinese immigration in the 1880s, well that was a different time. We were a much younger country then, and fear, discrimination, and prejudice were much more common place. It was very easy for any pureness American to misgiving any person that wasnt the same color as them, and there was a belief then that washrag people were better than the other races.But with all prejudice and discrimination, along with that thought of superiority, it comes down to fear, ignorance and misunderstanding. As the country has matured, as has our understanding of the world. Different ethnic groups still see prejudice and discrimination, but there is a lot less killing than there was in days past, and we see things in a different way than what we did in centuries past. From what I know about the many peoples of Asia, I understand that like us, they are a country (many countries). Like us, they have their religions, their cultural views, their languages, and their lives.They hold different views on personal responsibility, familial responsibility, school, family values, and religion. Asia is an incredibly vast continent, and there are many different cultures on that continent. I know that each country is different in its own way and I respect that. I do not greet people from that continent with any kind of disdain or prejudice. The Mormons, the Chinese, and the Japanese as well as other Asians have seen similar discrimination in that at some point in American history, on American soil, they have been beaten, killed, pressured, and taken out of their homes.They have also seen religious persecution. There was a time where any religion that was thought to be Asian was celebrated in a major way here in America. Though now these cultures are well assimilated into American culture, they were once feared and ostracized. Even other cultures from the continent of Asia have seen prejudice and hatred at the hands of the Americans, but I am of the opinion that everyone that has come to America has, even the pilgrims, it has all just come at a different time in history and been enacted out in different ways. Times may change, but hate never really does.The major difference between the two groups is that one is recognized as a religious group, and the other, while having varied religions, is recognized mainly as looking different from white people. The Mormons were Americans that were hated and feared by other Americans. Many Asians are recognizably different from a traditional American, even if they are not what we typically think of when we think of Asians. The other difference is that the Mormons saw their persecution not because of the way they looked, while Asians, because they looked different, were looked down upon. Both have seen physical pain, but I would venture to say that theAsians have seen more physical pain than the Mormons have. After the Mormons came to Ut ah, most of the violence was over, but there are crimes connected against non-whites even to this day. And since Mormons have fallen off of the great radar of hatred for America, there are still many very racist areas of the country that are acutely aware of the difference between whites and non-whites, and tend to make a big deal about it. America, while being known as the land of opportunity and the great melting pot, is a very scared, hateful country. Yes, there are many places within America that are very tolerant and peaceful, such as where I live.But there are also other places that are still very prejudice towards certain ethnic groups. As our country has matured, the hate towards different ethnic groups has been expressed in a different ways, but hate is still hate. by chance someday in a perfect world, America will just stop caring and find out that in the end it doesnt matter what language we speak, what religion we are, or what color we are, but instead actualise that the most important thing is that we are all people. We are all human beings on the same planet and that is, and should be recognized as the most important unifying factor in us all.