Critical opinion about article Literature review

Critical opinion about article - Literature review Example induction While the go of drug coatings in medications argon rarely considered by the consumer, they are vital to the function and efficacy of most modern medicines. By incorporating a drug into a polymer film, gel, or other encapsulating material, the aquaphobic molecules can be made to degrade much more slowly 1. The use of an encapsulating tissue layer allows the chemical substance to circulate within the body, while in addition creating a hydrophilic shell that can pass through the cell membrane of the bacterial target 1, 2. The coatings also may have the additional property of bioadhesion, property the drug at the target site for a longer period of time 3. Niosomal membranes, non-ionic sur itemant vesicles, are one common type of encapsulating material, especially for transdermic and ophthalmic topical use 4, 5. Niosomes can also be made into a substance called proniosomes, a dehydrated powder crapulation of niosom es, which can be transported further and stored longer, increasing their usefulness 6. Niosomal Encapsulation and Hydrogen Bonding In their 2011 study, Hao and Li examined the efficacy of niosomal entrapment in resolvent, specifically on the rate of encapsulation when the niosomes were included in a solution that also contained the desired chemical for entrapment 7. Niosomal encapsulation is achieved by coating a water-soluble pharmaceutic chemical with a lipid membrane, and this lipid coating impart slow the release of the encased pharmaceutical chemical into the surrounding environment. This is usually made use of in such situations as a time-released or delayed-release medication 5. Additionally, the use of a niosomal membrane around the pharmaceutical chemical is currently the only known method for achieving safe and efficient transdermal drug delivery. The force of the niosomal membrane to help the pharmaceutical chemical cross the dermal and subdermal layers is dependent on the structural presidency of niosomes, not simply on the properties of the niosomal membrane. Other non-ionic surfactants do not produce the same successful results for transdermal permeation 4. One of the chemical models in the Hao and Li study, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid, was found to form hydrogen bonds with the niosomal membrane beingness studied 7. These hydrogen bonds caused an increase in the entrapment efficiency of the formulation. This can be seen in the fact that the second model used in their study, salicylic acid, targeted lower rates of entrapment efficiency. Salicylic acid also did not form the same type of hydrogen bonds with the niosomal membrane, showing that the increased encapsulation efficiency seen in the p-hydroxyl benzoic acid solution was therefore related to the hydrogen bonding of the solute to the niosomal membrane. Figure 1 shows the changes in the UV absorption spectra of the solutions being studied which indicate the presence of hydrogen bonding betwe en the niosomal coating and the p-hydroxyl benzoic acid. Conversely, these spectra also show the lack of such hydrogen bonding in the salicylic acid solution and the blank niosome solution. This study is the start-off to note the importance of those hydrogen bonds in the functioning of the niosomal membrane and the relation of those bonds to encapsulation efficiency 7. Niosomes are able-bodied to form those hydrogen bonds by providing a stable system that allows the self-assembly of hydrogen-bonded receptors to occur in contact with sedimentary environments